Is There a Family Profile of Addictive Behaviors? Family Functioning in Anorexia Nervosa and Drug Dependence Disorder
Corresponding Author
Karyn Doba
Research Unit on Cognitive and Affective Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of North of France
Medical and Psychological Clinic, Foundation Health Students from France
Please address correspondence to: Karyn Doba, Université de Lille 3, Département de Psychologie, Domaine du Pont de Bois, 59653 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorJean-Louis Nandrino
Research Unit on Cognitive and Affective Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of North of France
Medical and Psychological Clinic, Foundation Health Students from France
Search for more papers by this authorPascal Antoine
Research Unit on Cognitive and Affective Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of North of France
Medical Hospital of Saint-Vincent (GHICL)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Karyn Doba
Research Unit on Cognitive and Affective Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of North of France
Medical and Psychological Clinic, Foundation Health Students from France
Please address correspondence to: Karyn Doba, Université de Lille 3, Département de Psychologie, Domaine du Pont de Bois, 59653 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorJean-Louis Nandrino
Research Unit on Cognitive and Affective Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of North of France
Medical and Psychological Clinic, Foundation Health Students from France
Search for more papers by this authorPascal Antoine
Research Unit on Cognitive and Affective Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of North of France
Medical Hospital of Saint-Vincent (GHICL)
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Objectives
The objective of the study was to determine whether family profiles differ between patients with anorexia nervosa or drug dependence disorder.
Method
25 families of patients with anorexia nervosa and 26 families of patients with drug dependence disorder responded to a battery of self-reports (Interpersonal Dependence Inventory, Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales, and Family Questionnaire).
Results
A lack of social self-confidence was observed in patients with anorexia nervosa or drug dependence disorder and their parents. Family disturbances characterized by low cohesion and emotional reliance on another person were observed in the families of patients with anorexia nervosa or drug dependence disorder.
Conclusions
The present study suggests that there are differing levels of severity of family disturbances among fathers, mothers, and patients in both anorexia nervosa and drug dependence disorder.
References
- American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders ( 4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
- Anderson, P., & Eiseman, M. (2003). Parental rearing and individual vulnerability to drug addiction: A controlled study in a Swedish sample. Nordic Journal Psychiatry, 57(2), 147–156.
- Bowen, M. (1978). Family therapy in clinical practice. New York, NY: Jason Aronson.
- Bulik, C. M., Sullivan, P. F., Fear, J. L., & Pickering, A. (2000). Outcome of anorexia nervosa: Eating attitudes, personality, and parental bonding. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 28(2), 139–147.
- Bulik, C. M., Sullivan, P. M., Kee, M., Wehzin, T. E., & Kaye, W. H. (1992). Characteristics of bulimic women with and without alcohol abuse. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 20, 273–283.
- Button, E. J., Loan, P., Davies, J., & Sonuga-Barke, J. S. (1997). Self-esteem, eating problem and psychosocial well-being in a cohort of schoolgirls aged 15–16: A questionnaire and interview study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 21(1), 39–47.
10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(199701)21:1<39::AID-EAT5>3.0.CO;2-4 CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
- Canetti, L., Kanyas, K., Lerer, B., Latzer, Y., & Bachar, E. (2008). Anorexia nervosa and parental bonding: The contribution of parent-grand-parent relationships to eating disorder psychopathology. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 703–716.
- Chassin, L., Curran, P. J., Hussong, A. M., & Colder, C. R. (1996). The relation of parent of alcoholism to adolescent substance abuse: A longitudinal follow-up study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105(1), 70–80.
- Cook-Darzens, S., Doyen, C., Falissard, B., & Mouren, M.C. (2005). Self-perceived family functioning in 40 French families of anorexic adolescents: Implications for therapy. European Eating Disorders Review, 13, 223–236.
- Dancyger, I., Fornari, V., Scionti, L., Wisotsky, W., & Sunday, S. (2005). Do daughters with eating disorders agree with their parents’ perception of family functioning? Comprehensive Psychiatry, 46, 135–139.
- Dare, C., LeGrange, D., Eisler, I., & Rutherford, J. (1994). Redefining the psychosomatic family: Family process of 26 eating disorder families. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 16(3), 211–226.
10.1002/1098-108X(199411)16:3<211::AID-EAT2260160302>3.0.CO;2-X CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
- Davis, C., & Claridge, G. (1998). The eating disorders as addiction: A psychobiological perspective. Addictive Behaviors, 23, 463–475.
- Davis, C., Katzman, D. K., & Kirsh, C. (1999). Compulsive physical activity in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: A Psychobehavioral spiral of pathology. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 187(6), 336–342.
- Doba, K., & Nandrino, J. L. (2010). Is there a family typology of addictive behaviors? Critical review of the literature in the families of adolescents with eating disorders or with substance dependence. Psychologie Française, 55, 355–371.
- Doba, K., Nandrino, J. L., Lesne, A., Leroy, F., & Pezard, L. (2008). Organization of the narrative components in autobiographical speech of anorexic adolescents: A statistical and nonlinear dynamical analysis. New Ideas in Psychology, 26, 295–308.
- Donovan, W., Leavitt, L. A., & Walsh, R. O. (1990). Maternal self-efficacy: Illusory control and its effect on susceptibility to learned helplessness. Child Development, 61, 1638–1647.
- Eitle, D. (2005). The moderading effects of peer substance use on the family structure-adolescent substance use association: Quantity versus quality of parenting. Addictive Behaviors, 30(5), 963–980.
- Fenichel, O. (1945). Psychoanalytic theory of neurosis. New York, NY: Norton.
- Gabbard, G. O. (2002). Psychodynamic psychiatry in clinical practice. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
- Garner, D. M., & Garfinkel, P. E. (1979). The Eating Attitudes Test: An Index of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Psychological Medicine, 9(2), 273–279.
- Godley, M. D., Kahn, J. H., Dennis, M. L., Godley, S. H., & Funk, R. R. (2005). The stability and impact of environmental factors on substance use and problems after adolescent outpatient treatment for cannabis abuse or dependence. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 19, 62–70.
- Goodman, A. (1990). Addiction: Definition and implications. British Journal of Addiction, 85, 1403–1408.
- Green, A. Bekman, N. M., Miller, E. A., Perrott, J. A., Brown, S. A., & Aarons, G. A. (2011). Parental awareness of substance use among youths in public service sectors. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 72(1), 44–52.
- Green, R., & Werner, P. (1996). Intrusiveness and closeness-caregiving: Rethinking the concept of family enmeshment. Family Process, 35, 115–136.
- Hirschfeld, R. M., Klerman, G. L., Keller, M. B., Andreasen, N. C., & Clayton, P. J. (1983). Assessing personality: Effects of the depressive state on trait measurement. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 695–699.
- Hodes, M., Dare, C., Dodge, E., & Eisler, I. (1999). The assessment of expressed emotion in a standardised family interview. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 40(4), 617–625.
- Hodson, C., Newcomb, M., Locke, T., & Goodyear, R. (2006). Childhood adversity, poly-substance use, and disordered eating in adolescent Latinas: Mediated and indirect paths in community sample. Child Abuse and Neglect, 30, 1017–1036.
- Holderness, C. C., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Warren, M. P. (1994). Co-morbidity of eating disorders and substance abuse, review of the literature. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 16(1), 1–34.
10.1002/1098-108X(199407)16:1<1::AID-EAT2260160102>3.0.CO;2-T CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
- Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques. (1983). Nomenclature des professions et categories socioprofessionnelles. Paris: Author.
- Jacob, T., Leonard, K. E., & Randolph-Haber, J. (2001). Family interactions of alcoholics as related to alcoholism type and drinking condition. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 25, 835–843.
- Karow, A., Verthein, U., Krausz, M., & Schafer, I. (2008). Association of personality disorders, family conflicts and treatment with quality in opiate addiction. European Addictive Research, 14(1), 38–46.
- Karwautz, A., Nobis, G., Haidvogl, M., Wagner, G., Hafferl-Gattermayer, A., Wober-Bingol, C., & Friedrich, M. (2003). Perception of family relationships in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and their unaffected sisters. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 12(3), 128–135.
- Kerr, M., & Bowen, M. (1988). Family evaluation. New York, NY: Norton.
- Knauth, D. G., Skowron, E. A., & Escobar, M. (2006). Effect of differentiation of self on adolescent risk behavior: Test of the theoretical model. Nursing Research, 55(5), 336–345.
- Latzer, Y., & Gaber, H. (1998). Pathological conflict avoidance in anorexia nervosa: Family persectives. Contemporary Family Therapy, 20(4), 539–559.
- Latzer, Y., Hochdorf, Z., Bachar, E., & Canetti, L. (2002). Attachment style and family functioning as discriminating factors in eating disorders. Contemporary Family Therapy, 24(4), 581–598.
- Lavee, Y., McCubbin, H., & Patterson, J. (1985). The Double ABCX model of family stress and adaptation: An empirical test by analysis of structural equations with latent variables. Journal of Marriage and Family, 47(4), 811–825.
- Lee, J. M., & Bell, N. (2003). Individual differences in attachment-autonomy configurations: Linkages with substance use and youth competencies. Journal of Adolescence, 26(3), 347–361.
- LeGrange, D., Hoste, R., Lock, J., & Bryson, S. (2011). Parental expressed emotion of adolescents with anorexia nervosa: Outcome in family-based treatment. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 44(8), 731–734.
- Loas, G., Borgne, J. Y., Gerard, P., Delahousse, J. (1993). Evaluation of affective dependence: Validation study of the Hirschfeld. Inventory of Interpersonal Dependence. Annales Medico-Psychologique, 151(7), 538–541.
- Loas, G., Corcos, M., Perez-Diaz, F., Verrier, A., Guelfi, D., Halfon, O., … Jeammet, P. (2002). Criterion validity of the interpersonal dependency inventory: A preliminary study on 621 addictive subjects. European Psychiatry, 17, 477–480.
- Mangweth, B., Hausmann, A., Danzl, C., Walch, T., Rupp, C. I., Biebl, W., … Pope, H. G. (2005). Childhood body-focused behaviours and social behaviours as risk factors of eating disorders. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 74(4), 247–253.
- Minuchin, S., Rosman, B., & Baker, B. (1978). Psychosomatic families: Anorexia nervosa in context. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
10.4159/harvard.9780674418233 Google Scholar
- Olson, D. H. (1986). Circumplex model: Validation studies and FACES-III. Family Process, 25, 337–351.
- Pinheiro, R. T., Pinheiro, K. A., Da Silva Magalhães P. V., Horta, B. L., Da Silva, R. A., Sousa, P. L. R., & Fleming, M. (2006). Cocaine addiction and family dysfunction: A case-control study in Southern Brazil. Substance Use and Misuse, 41, 307–316.
- Rhodes, B., & Kroger, J. (1992). Parental bonding and separation individuation difficulties among late adolescent eating disorders women. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 22, 249–263.
- Rowa, K., Kering, P., & Geller, J. (2001). The family and anorexia nervosa: Examining parent-child boundary problems. European Eating Disorders Review, 9, 97–114.
- Skowron, E. A., & Dendy, A. K. (2004). Differentiation of self and attachment in adulthood: Relational correlates of effortful control. Contemporary Family Therapy, 26, 337–357.
- Skowron, E. A., & Friedlander, M. L. (1998). The Differentiation of Self Inventory: Development and initial validation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45, 235–246.
- Speranza, M., Revah-levy, A., Giquel, L., Loas, G., Venisse, J. L., Jeammet, P., & Corcos, M. (2012). An investigation of Goodman's addictive disorders criteria in eating disorders. European Eating Disorders Review, 19(5), 11–40.
- Spielman, V., & Taubman, O. (2009). Parental self-efficacy and stress-related growth in the transition to parenthood: A comparison between parents of pre-term and full-term babies. Health and Social Work, 34(3), 201–212.
- Swanson, H., Power, K., Collin, P., Deas, S., Paterson, G., Grierson, D., … Taylor, L. (2010). The relationships between parental bonding, social problem solving and eating pathology in an anorexic inpatient sample. European Eating Disorders Review, 18(1), 22–32.
- Tafa, M., & Baicco, R. (2009). Addictive behavior and family functioning during adolescence. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 37, 388–395.
- Toressani, S. (2000). Parental representations in drug-dependent patients and their parents. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 41(2), 123–129.
- Tubiana-Rufi, N., Moret, L., Bean, K., Mesbah, M., Feard, S., Deschamps, J.P, … Chawalow, A. J. (1991). Validation in the French language of an evaluation scale for family functioning (FACES-III): A tool for research and for clinical practices. Epidemiology and Public Health, 39(6), 531–541.
- Turner, H. M., Rose, K. S., & Cooper, M. J. (2005). Parental bonding and eating disorder symptoms in adolescents: The meditating role of core beliefs. Eating Behaviors, 6(2), 113–118.
- Vaughn, C., & Leff, J. (1976). The influence of family and social factors on the course of psychiatric illness: A comparison of schizophrenic and depressed neurotic patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 129, 123–137.
- Watts, M. (2007). High expressed emotion, several mental illness and substance use disorder. British Journal of Nursing, 16(20), 1259–1262.
- Wechselblatt, T., Gurnick, G., & Simon, R. (2000). Autonomy and relatedness in the development of anorexia: A clinical case series using grounded theory. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 64(1), 91–123.
- Wiedemann, G., Rayki, O., Feinstein, E., & Hahlwey, K. (2002). The Family Questionnaire: Development and validation of a new self-report scale for assessing expressed emotion. Psychiatry Research, 109(3), 265–279.
- Wills, T. A., Resko, J. A., Ainette, M. G., & Mendoza, D. (2004). Role of parent support and peer support in adolescent substance use: A test of mediated effect. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 18(2), 122–134.
- Wills, T. A., Sandy, J. M., Yaeger, A., & Shinar, O. (2001). Family risk factors and adolescent substance use moderation effect for temperament dimensions. Developmental Psychology, 37(3), 283–297.
- Wisotsky, W., Dancyger, I., Fornari, V., Katz, J., Wisotsky, W., & Swencionis, C. (2003). The relationship between eating pathology and perceived family functioning in eating disorder patients in a day treatment program. Eating Disorders, 11, 88–99.
10.1080/10640260390199280 Google Scholar
- Yang, H., Stanton, B., Cottrel, L., Kaljee, L., Galbraith, J., Li, X., & Wu, Y. (2006). Parental awareness of adolescent risk involvement: Implications of overestimates and underestimates. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 39, 353–361.