Osteogenic differentiation on DLC-PDMS-h surface
Corresponding Author
Antti Soininen
ORTON Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
ORTON Orthopedic Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Correspondence to: A. Soininen (e-mail: [email protected])Search for more papers by this authorEmilia Kaivosoja
Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Finland
Search for more papers by this authorTarvo Sillat
Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
Search for more papers by this authorSannakaisa Virtanen
University of Erlangen Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorYrjö T. Konttinen
ORTON Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
ORTON Orthopedic Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
COXA Hospital for Joint Replacement, Tampere, Finland
Search for more papers by this authorVeli-Matti Tiainen
ORTON Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
ORTON Orthopedic Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Antti Soininen
ORTON Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
ORTON Orthopedic Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Correspondence to: A. Soininen (e-mail: [email protected])Search for more papers by this authorEmilia Kaivosoja
Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Finland
Search for more papers by this authorTarvo Sillat
Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
Search for more papers by this authorSannakaisa Virtanen
University of Erlangen Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorYrjö T. Konttinen
ORTON Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
ORTON Orthopedic Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
COXA Hospital for Joint Replacement, Tampere, Finland
Search for more papers by this authorVeli-Matti Tiainen
ORTON Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
ORTON Orthopedic Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
The hypothesis was that anti-fouling diamond-like carbon polydimethylsiloxane hybrid (DLC-PDMS-h) surface impairs early and late cellular adhesion and matrix–cell interactions. The effect of hybrid surface on cellular adhesion and cytoskeletal organization, important for osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC), where therefore compared with plain DLC and titanium (Ti). hMSCs were induced to osteogenesis and followed over time using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and hydroxyapatite (HA) staining. SEM at 7.5 hours showed that initial adherence and spreading of hMSC was poor on DLC-PDMS-h. At 5 days some hMSC were undergoing condensation and apoptotic fragmentation, whereas cells on DLC and Ti grew well. DAPI–actin–vinculin triple staining disclosed dwarfed cells with poorly organized actin cytoskeleton-focal complex/adhesion-growth substrate attachments on hybrid coating, whereas spread cells, organized microfilament bundles, and focal adhesions were seen on DLC and in particular on Ti. Accordingly, at day one ToF-SIMS mass peaks showed poor protein adhesion to DLC-PDMS-h compared with DLC and Ti. COL1A1, ALP, OP mRNA levels at days 0, 7, 14, 21, and/or 28 and lack of HA deposition at day 28 demonstrated delayed or failed osteogenesis on DLC-PDMS-h. Anti-fouling DLC-PDMS-h is a poor cell adhesion substrate during the early protein adsorption-dependent phase and extracellular matrix-dependent late phase. Accordingly, some hMSCs underwent anoikis-type apoptosis and failed to complete osteogenesis, due to few focal adhesions and poor cell-to-ECM contacts. DLC-PDMS-h seems to be a suitable coating for non-integrating implants/devices designed for temporary use. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1462–1472, 2014.
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