Human Merkel cell polyomavirus infection II. MCV is a common human infection that can be detected by conformational capsid epitope immunoassays
Yanis L. Tolstov
Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Search for more papers by this authorDiana V. Pastrana
Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
Search for more papers by this authorHuichen Feng
Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Search for more papers by this authorJürgen C. Becker
Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, University Clinic of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorFrank J. Jenkins
Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Search for more papers by this authorStergios Moschos
Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Yuan Chang
Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Yuan Chang, Christopher B. Buck and Patrick S. Moore contributed equally to this work.
Fax: +412-623-7715.
Yuan Chang, Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.8, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Christopher B. Buck, Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
Patrick S. Moore, Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.8, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Christopher B. Buck
Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
Yuan Chang, Christopher B. Buck and Patrick S. Moore contributed equally to this work.
Yuan Chang, Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.8, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Christopher B. Buck, Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
Patrick S. Moore, Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.8, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Patrick S. Moore
Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Yuan Chang, Christopher B. Buck and Patrick S. Moore contributed equally to this work.
Fax: +412-623-7715.
Yuan Chang, Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.8, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Christopher B. Buck, Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
Patrick S. Moore, Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.8, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Search for more papers by this authorYanis L. Tolstov
Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Search for more papers by this authorDiana V. Pastrana
Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
Search for more papers by this authorHuichen Feng
Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Search for more papers by this authorJürgen C. Becker
Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, University Clinic of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorFrank J. Jenkins
Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Search for more papers by this authorStergios Moschos
Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Yuan Chang
Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Yuan Chang, Christopher B. Buck and Patrick S. Moore contributed equally to this work.
Fax: +412-623-7715.
Yuan Chang, Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.8, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Christopher B. Buck, Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
Patrick S. Moore, Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.8, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Christopher B. Buck
Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
Yuan Chang, Christopher B. Buck and Patrick S. Moore contributed equally to this work.
Yuan Chang, Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.8, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Christopher B. Buck, Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
Patrick S. Moore, Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.8, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Patrick S. Moore
Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Yuan Chang, Christopher B. Buck and Patrick S. Moore contributed equally to this work.
Fax: +412-623-7715.
Yuan Chang, Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.8, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Christopher B. Buck, Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
Patrick S. Moore, Molecular Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.8, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Search for more papers by this authorFax: +412-623-7715.
Abstract
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) is a newly-discovered human tumor virus found in ∼80% of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). The rate of MCV infection among persons without MCC is unknown. We developed a MCV virus-like particle (VLP) enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) that does not cross-react with human BK or murine polyomaviruses. Peptide mapping of the MCV VP1 gene and immunoblotting with denatured MCV VLP are less sensitive than the MCV EIA in detecting MCV antibodies suggesting antibody reactivity in this assay primarily targets conformational but not linear epitopes. Among MCC patients, all 21 (100%) patients tested with MCV-positive tumors had high serum MCV IgG but not high MCV IgM levels. Only 3 of 6 (50%) MCC patients with MCV-negative tumors were positive for MCV antibodies. Sera from most adults, including 107 of 166 (64%) blood donors, 63 of 100 (63%) commercial donors and 37 of 50 (74%) systemic lupus erythematosus patients, show evidence for prior MCV exposure. Age-specific MCV prevalence was determined by examining a cross-sectional distribution of 150 Langerhans cell histiocytosis (an unrelated neoplasm) patient sera. MCV prevalence increases from 50% among children age 15 years or younger to 80% among persons older than 50 years. We did not find evidence for vertical transmission among infants. Although past exposure to MCV is common among all adult groups, MCC patients have a markedly elevated MCV IgG response compared with control patients. Our study demonstrates that MCV is a widespread but previously unrecognized human infection. © 2009 UICC
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