Editorial
Free Access
Is there increased cerebral sensitivity to benzodiazepines in chronic liver disease?
Robert A. Branch M.D.,
Corresponding Author
Robert A. Branch M.D.
Division of Clinical Pharmacology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Medical Center North, Room AA5232 Nashville, Tennessee 37232
Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Medical Center North, Room AA5232, Nashville, Tennessee 37232===Search for more papers by this authorRobert A. Branch M.D.,
Corresponding Author
Robert A. Branch M.D.
Division of Clinical Pharmacology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Medical Center North, Room AA5232 Nashville, Tennessee 37232
Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Medical Center North, Room AA5232, Nashville, Tennessee 37232===Search for more papers by this author
References
- 1 Guidotti A, Corda MG, Wise BC, et al. GABAergic synapses; supramolecular organization and biochemical regulation. Neuropharmacology 1983; 22: 1471–1479.
- 2 Jones EA, Schafer DF, Ferenci P, et al. The neurobiology of hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology 1984; 4: 1235–1242.
- 3 Hoyumpa AM. The unfolding GABA story. Hepatology 1986; 6: 1042–1044.
- 4 Schafer DF, Pappas SC, Brady LE, et al. Visual evoked potentials in a rabbit model of hepatic encephalopathy. I. Sequential changes and comparisons with drug-induced comas. Gastroenterology 1984; 86: 540–545.
- 5 Study RE, Barker JL. Diazepam and (–)-pentobarbital: fluctuation analysis reveals different mechanisms for potentiation of gamma-aminobutyric acid responses in cultured neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1981; 78: 7180–7184.
- 6 Baktir G, Fisch HU, Karlaganis G, et al. Mechanism of the excessive sedative response of cirrhotics to benzodiazepines: model experiments with triazolam. Hepatology 1987; 7: 629–638.
- 7 Schenker S, Wilkinson GR. Effects of liver disease on drug disposition in man. Biochem Pharmacol 1976; 25: 2675–2681.
- 8 Bircher J. Quantitative assessment of deranged hepatic function: a missed opportunity? Semin Liver Dis 1983; 3: 275–284.
- 9 Fisch HU, Groner M, Groner R, et al. Influence of diazepam and methylphenidate on identification of rapidly presented letter strings. Diazepam enhances visual masking. Psychopharmacology 1983; 80: 61–66.
- 10 Guignard C, Van Toi V, Burchardt CW, et al. Effect of digoxin on the sensitivity to flickering light. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1983; 15: 189–196.
- 11 Laidlaw J, Read AE. The EEG in hepatic encephalopathy. Clin Sci 1963; 24: 109–120.
- 12 Laidlaw J, Read AE, Sherlock S. Morphine tolerance in hepatic cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1961; 40: 389–396.
- 13 Maxwell JP, Carrella M, Parkes JD, et al. Plasma disappearance and cerebral effects of chlorpromazine in cirrhosis. Clin Sci 1972; 43: 143–151.
- 14 Read AA, Laidlaw J, McCarthy CF. Effects of chlorpromazine in patients with hepatic disease. Br Med J 1969; 2: 497–499.
- 15 Morgan MH, Read AE. Antidepressants and liver disease. Gut 1972; 13: 697–701.
- 16 McConnell JB, Curry SH, Davis M, et al. Clinical effects and metabolism of diazepam in patients with chronic liver disease. Clin Sci 1982; 63: 75–80.
- 17 Branch RA, Morgan MG, James J, et al. Intravenous administration of diazepam in patients with chronic liver disease. Gut 1976; 17: 975–983.
- 18 Murray-Lyon NM, Young J, Parkes JD, et al. Clinical and electro-encephalographic assessment of diazepam in liver disease. Br Med J 1971; 4: 265–266.
- 19 Teschan PE, Ginn HE, Bourne JR, et al. Quantitative indices of clinical uremia. Kidney Int 1979; 15: 676–679.
- 20 Naranjo CA, Busto U, Janecek E, et al. An intensive drug monitoring study suggesting possible clinical irrelevance of impaired drug disposition in liver disease. Br J Clin Pharm 1983; 15: 451–458.