Prognostic significance of MTOR expression in HPV positive and negative head and neck cancers treated by chemoradiation
Thomas G. Wilson BS
Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
Search for more papers by this authorAlaa Hanna MD
Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
Search for more papers by this authorJohnathon Recknagel MD
Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
Search for more papers by this authorBarbara L. Pruetz BS
Beaumont BioBank, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
Search for more papers by this authorAndrew M. Baschnagel MD
Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
George D. Wilson PhD
Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
Correspondence
George D. Wilson, PhD, Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, 3811 West Thirteen Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorThomas G. Wilson BS
Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
Search for more papers by this authorAlaa Hanna MD
Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
Search for more papers by this authorJohnathon Recknagel MD
Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
Search for more papers by this authorBarbara L. Pruetz BS
Beaumont BioBank, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
Search for more papers by this authorAndrew M. Baschnagel MD
Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
George D. Wilson PhD
Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
Correspondence
George D. Wilson, PhD, Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, 3811 West Thirteen Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorFunding information: Capstone Project Grant
Abstract
Background
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) plays a key role in regulating cell growth and metabolism and is commonly overexpressed in head and neck cancer (HNSCC). This study investigated the association of MTOR with clinical outcome in human papilloma virus (HPV) positive and negative HNSCC patients treated by chemoradiation.
Methods
A tissue microarray (TMA) consisting of cores from 109 HNSCC patients treated by definitive chemoradiation was constructed and stained with antibodies against p16 and MTOR and expression correlated with clinicopathological features and clinical outcome.
Results
MTOR varied widely between tumor cores and was not associated with HPV status or clinicopathological features. There was a positive correlation with pre-treatment FDG uptake.
(P = .01). In HPV negative patients, MTOR predicted for shorter locoregional control (P = .02), diseases free survival (P = .02), and overall survival (P = .04). MTOR expression was not associated with outcome in HPV positive patients.
Conclusions
Prognostic significance of MTOR expression depends on HPV status.
Supporting Information
Filename | Description |
---|---|
hed25983-sup-0001-Tables.docxWord 2007 document , 16.2 KB | Supplemental Table 1 Significance of MTOR expression in p16+ and p16- patients for overall survival (OS), locoregional control (LRC), disease-free survival (DFS) and occurrence of distant metastases (DM). The significant values are highlighted in bold. Supplemental Table 2. Mean survival times (months) with 95% confidence intervals for each clinical endpoint. No censors for LRC signifies that no patient had recurred locally. Supplemental Table 3. 5-year event rates with 95% confidence intervals |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
REFERENCES
- 1Ang KK, Harris J, Wheeler R, et al. Human papillomavirus and survival of patients with oropharyngeal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010; 363(1): 24-35.
- 2Fakhry C, Westra WH, Li S, et al. Improved survival of patients with human papillomavirus-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in a prospective clinical trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008; 100(4): 261-269.
- 3Agrawal N, Frederick MJ, Pickering CR, et al. Exome sequencing of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma reveals inactivating mutations in NOTCH1. Science. 2011; 333(6046): 1154-1157.
- 4Cancer Genome Atlas N. Comprehensive genomic characterization of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Nature. 2015; 517(7536): 576-582.
- 5Stransky N, Egloff AM, Tward AD, et al. The mutational landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Science. 2011; 333(6046): 1157-1160.
- 6Courtney KD, Corcoran RB, Engelman JA. The PI3K pathway as drug target in human cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010; 28(6): 1075-1083.
- 7Lui VW, Hedberg ML, Li H, et al. Frequent mutation of the PI3K pathway in head and neck cancer defines predictive biomarkers. Cancer Discov. 2013; 3(7): 761-769.
- 8Bancroft CC, Chen Z, Yeh J, et al. Effects of pharmacologic antagonists of epidermal growth factor receptor, PI3K and MEK signal kinases on NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation and IL-8 and VEGF expression in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma lines. Int J Cancer. 2002; 99(4): 538-548.
- 9Lattanzio L, Tonissi F, Monteverde M, et al. Treatment effect of buparlisib, cetuximab and irradiation in wild-type or PI3KCA-mutated head and neck cancer cell lines. Invest New Drugs. 2015; 33(2): 310-320.
- 10Blas K, Wilson TG, Tonlaar N, et al. Dual blockade of PI3K and MEK in combination with radiation in head and neck cancer. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol. 2018; 11: 1-10.
- 11Tonlaar N, Galoforo S, Thibodeau BJ, et al. Antitumor activity of the dual PI3K/MTOR inhibitor, PF-04691502, in combination with radiation in head and neck cancer. Radiother Oncol. 2017; 124(3): 504-512.
- 12Wilson GD, Galoforo S, Blas K, et al. Comparison of inhibitors of PI3K and MTOR in combination with radiation in head and neck cancer. J Sci Med Biochem Mol Biol. 2018; 5: 1034-1044.
- 13Mita MM, Mita A, Rowinsky EK. The molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR) as a therapeutic target against cancer. Cancer Biol Ther. 2003; 2(4): S169-S177.
- 14Liao YM, Kim C, Yen Y. Mammalian target of rapamycin and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck Oncol. 2011; 3: 22.
- 15Zaytseva YY, Valentino JD, Gulhati P, Evers BM. mTOR inhibitors in cancer therapy. Cancer Lett. 2012; 319(1): 1-7.
- 16Dancey JE. Therapeutic targets: MTOR and related pathways. Cancer Biol Ther. 2006; 5(9): 1065-1073.
- 17Garcia-Carracedo D, Villaronga MA, Alvarez-Teijeiro S, et al. Impact of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation on the prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Oncotarget. 2016; 7(20): 29780-29793.
- 18Marioni G, Staffieri A, Lora L, et al. mTOR expression and prognosis in elderly patients with laryngeal carcinoma: uni- and multivariate analyses. Oral Oncol. 2012; 48(6): 530-534.
- 19Marques AE, Elias ST, Porporatti AL, et al. mTOR pathway protein immunoexpression as a prognostic factor for survival in head and neck cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Oral Pathol Med. 2016; 45(5): 319-328.
- 20Li SH, Chien CY, Huang WT, et al. Prognostic significance and function of mammalian target of rapamycin in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep. 2017; 7(1): 8178.
- 21Kiessling SY, Broglie MA, Soltermann A, Huber GF, Stoeckli SJ. Comparison of PI3K pathway in HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer with and without tobacco exposure. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2018; 3(4): 283-289.
- 22Monteiro LS, Delgado ML, Ricardo S, et al. Phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin is associated with an adverse outcome in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2013; 115(5): 638-645.
- 23Lechner M, Frampton GM, Fenton T, et al. Targeted next-generation sequencing of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma identifies novel genetic alterations in HPV+ and HPV- tumors. Genome Med. 2013; 5(5): 49.
- 24Baschnagel AM, Tonlaar N, Eskandari M, et al. Combined CD44, c-MET, and EGFR expression in p16-positive and p16-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. J Oral Pathol Med. 2017; 46(3): 208-213.
- 25Baschnagel AM, Wobb JL, Dilworth JT, et al. The association of (18)F-FDG PET and glucose metabolism biomarkers GLUT1 and HK2 in p16 positive and negative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Radiother Oncol. 2015; 117(1): 118-124.
- 26Baschnagel AM, Williams L, Hanna A, et al. C-met expression is a marker of poor prognosis in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with chemoradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2014; 88(3): 701-707.
- 27Saxton RA, Sabatini DM. mTOR signaling in growth, metabolism, and disease. Cell. 2017; 168(6): 960-976.
- 28Sabatini DM. mTOR and cancer: insights into a complex relationship. Nat Rev Cancer. 2006; 6(9): 729-734.
- 29Ocana A, Vera-Badillo F, Al-Mubarak M, et al. Activation of the PI3K/mTOR/AKT pathway and survival in solid tumors: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014; 9(4):e95219.
- 30Eke I, Makinde AY, Aryankalayil MJ, et al. Exploiting radiation-induced signaling to increase the susceptibility of resistant cancer cells to targeted drugs: AKT and mTOR inhibitors as an example. Mol Cancer Ther. 2018; 17(2): 355-367.
- 31Feng Z, Zhang H, Levine AJ, Jin S. The coordinate regulation of the p53 and mTOR pathways in cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005; 102(23): 8204-8209.
- 32Hong A, Zhang X, Jones D, et al. Relationships between p53 mutation, HPV status and outcome in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Radiother Oncol. 2016; 118(2): 342-349.
- 33Kim SG, Hoffman GR, Poulogiannis G, et al. Metabolic stress controls mTORC1 lysosomal localization and dimerization by regulating the TTT-RUVBL1/2 complex. Mol Cell. 2013; 49(1): 172-185.
- 34Dennis PB, Jaeschke A, Saitoh M, et al. A homeostatic ATP sensor. Science. 2001; 294(5544): 1102-1105.
- 35Spangle JM, Munger K. The human papillomavirus type 16 E6 oncoprotein activates mTORC1 signaling and increases protein synthesis. J Virol. 2010; 84(18): 9398-9407.
- 36Reiling JH, Sabatini DM. Stress and mTORture signaling. Oncogene. 2006; 25(48): 6373-6383.
- 37Thomas M, Pim D, Banks L. The role of the E6-p53 interaction in the molecular pathogenesis of HPV. Oncogene. 1999; 18(53): 7690-7700.
- 38Kimple RJ, Smith MA, Blitzer GC, et al. Enhanced radiation sensitivity in HPV-positive head and neck cancer. Cancer Res. 2013; 73(15): 4791-4800.
- 39Rieckmann T, Tribius S, Grob TJ, et al. HNSCC cell lines positive for HPV and p16 possess higher cellular radiosensitivity due to an impaired DSB repair capacity. Radiother Oncol. 2013; 107(2): 242-246.
- 40Day TA, Shirai K, O'Brien PE, et al. Inhibition of mTOR signaling and clinical activity of rapamycin in head and neck Cancer in a window of opportunity trial. Clin Cancer Res. 2019; 25(4): 1156-1164.
- 41Fury MG, Sherman E, Ho AL, et al. A phase 1 study of everolimus plus docetaxel plus cisplatin as induction chemotherapy for patients with locally and/or regionally advanced head and neck cancer. Cancer. 2013; 119(10): 1823-1831.
- 42Fury MG, Sherman E, Ho A, et al. A phase I study of temsirolimus plus carboplatin plus paclitaxel for patients with recurrent or metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2012; 70(1): 121-128.
- 43Bauman JE, Arias-Pulido H, Lee SJ, et al. A phase II study of temsirolimus and erlotinib in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic, platinum-refractory head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol. 2013; 49(5): 461-467.
- 44Molinolo AA, Marsh C, El Dinali M, et al. mTOR as a molecular target in HPV-associated oral and cervical squamous carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res. 2012; 18(9): 2558-2568.
- 45Coppock JD, Vermeer PD, Vermeer DW, et al. mTOR inhibition as an adjuvant therapy in a metastatic model of HPV+ HNSCC. Oncotarget. 2016; 7(17): 24228-24241.
- 46Moore EC, Cash HA, Caruso AM, et al. Enhanced tumor control with combination mTOR and PD-L1 inhibition in syngeneic oral cavity cancers. Cancer Immunol Res. 2016; 4(7): 611-620.