Basic Science Review
Emerging insights into head and neck cancer metastasis
Clint T. Allen MD,
Jonathan H. Law MD,
Gavin P. Dunn MD, PhD,
Ravindra Uppaluri MD, PhD,
Clint T. Allen MD
Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
Search for more papers by this authorJonathan H. Law MD
Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
Search for more papers by this authorGavin P. Dunn MD, PhD
Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Ravindra Uppaluri MD, PhD
Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Box 8115, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorClint T. Allen MD,
Jonathan H. Law MD,
Gavin P. Dunn MD, PhD,
Ravindra Uppaluri MD, PhD,
Clint T. Allen MD
Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
Search for more papers by this authorJonathan H. Law MD
Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
Search for more papers by this authorGavin P. Dunn MD, PhD
Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Ravindra Uppaluri MD, PhD
Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Box 8115, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
The purpose of this review was to provide biological concepts of head and neck cancer metastasis. To attain this goal, we analyzed peer-reviewed articles related to head and neck cancer metastasis obtained though PubMed and archived articles. Articles related to the biologic principles of head and neck cancer metastasis were reviewed and summarized. As locoregional control has improved for patients with head and neck cancer, rates of distant metastasis have not decreased. As patients live longer, many will die of complications related to the development of disease at sites below the clavicles. Emerging evidence now suggests a more complicated framework of metastatic behavior for head and neck cancer. Here, we review the role of regional lymph nodes in containing advanced head and neck cancer, evidence for active as opposed to passive tumor cell metastasis, and clinical implications these concepts have on both treatment of head and neck cancer and future research. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 35: 1669–1678, 2013
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