Hypertension is a potential risk factor for vascular dementia: systematic review
Sally I. Sharp
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
Research Associate.
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Dag Aarsland
The Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
Alzheimer's Society, Devon House, London, UK
The Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.Search for more papers by this authorSarah Day
Section of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
Research Project Manager.
Search for more papers by this authorHogne Sønnesyn
The group includes Dag Aarsland (University of Bergen), Carol Brayne, Saurabh Gupta, Hannah Keage, S.R. Kondapally Seshasai, David Llewellyn, Fiona McDougall, Weerasak Muangpaisan (University of Cambridge), Clive Ballard, Sally Sharp (Kings College London) and Sarah Day (Alzheimer's Society).
Chief Consultant.
Search for more papers by this authorAlzheimer's Society Vascular Dementia Systematic Review Group
The group includes Dag Aarsland (University of Bergen), Carol Brayne, Saurabh Gupta, Hannah Keage, S.R. Kondapally Seshasai, David Llewellyn, Fiona McDougall, Weerasak Muangpaisan (University of Cambridge), Clive Ballard, Sally Sharp (Kings College London) and Sarah Day (Alzheimer's Society).
Search for more papers by this authorClive Ballard
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
Professor of Old-Age Psychiatry.
Search for more papers by this authorSally I. Sharp
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
Research Associate.
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Dag Aarsland
The Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
Alzheimer's Society, Devon House, London, UK
The Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.Search for more papers by this authorSarah Day
Section of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
Research Project Manager.
Search for more papers by this authorHogne Sønnesyn
The group includes Dag Aarsland (University of Bergen), Carol Brayne, Saurabh Gupta, Hannah Keage, S.R. Kondapally Seshasai, David Llewellyn, Fiona McDougall, Weerasak Muangpaisan (University of Cambridge), Clive Ballard, Sally Sharp (Kings College London) and Sarah Day (Alzheimer's Society).
Chief Consultant.
Search for more papers by this authorAlzheimer's Society Vascular Dementia Systematic Review Group
The group includes Dag Aarsland (University of Bergen), Carol Brayne, Saurabh Gupta, Hannah Keage, S.R. Kondapally Seshasai, David Llewellyn, Fiona McDougall, Weerasak Muangpaisan (University of Cambridge), Clive Ballard, Sally Sharp (Kings College London) and Sarah Day (Alzheimer's Society).
Search for more papers by this authorClive Ballard
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
Professor of Old-Age Psychiatry.
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Objective
The aim of the study was to conduct a meta-analysis of epidemiological and case control studies to determine whether arterial hypertension is specifically associated with an increased risk of vascular dementia (VaD).
Design
Longitudinal and cross-sectional prospective studies using operationalised criteria to define VaD and hypertension, with a normal control comparison group were systematically reviewed. Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, and PsycInfo data sources were searched along with reference lists of included articles and reviews. Original, prevalence or incidence studies were included if operationalised criteria for hypertension and VaD as well as number of cases with and without hypertension in VaD and non-demented groups were provided. Intervention studies and post-stroke and CADASIL studies were excluded.
Results
Eleven studies recruiting either volunteers or clinical patients, or which were population-based, examined a total of 768 people with VaD and 9857 control cases. A meta-analysis of the six longitudinal studies showed that hypertension was significantly associated with increased risk of incident VaD (odds ratio, OR: 1.59, CI: 1.29–1.95, p < 0.0001). A similar association between hypertension and the risk of prevalent VaD was found in the five cross-sectional studies (OR: 4.84, CI: 3.52–6.67, p < 0.00001).
Conclusions
Hypertension significantly increases the risk of vascular dementia. The current meta-analysis highlights the potential importance of rigorous treatment of hypertension as a key measure to help prevent the development of VaD. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supporting Information
Supporting information can be found in the online version of this article.
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