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Relative sensitivity of five benthic invertebrate species to reference toxicants and resin-acid contaminated sediments
Christopher W. Hickey,
Michael L. Martin,
Corresponding Author
Christopher W. Hickey
NIWA Ecosystems, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 11-115, Hamilton, New Zealand
NIWA Ecosystems, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 11-115, Hamilton, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this authorMichael L. Martin
NIWA Ecosystems, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 11-115, Hamilton, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorChristopher W. Hickey,
Michael L. Martin,
Corresponding Author
Christopher W. Hickey
NIWA Ecosystems, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 11-115, Hamilton, New Zealand
NIWA Ecosystems, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 11-115, Hamilton, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this authorMichael L. Martin
NIWA Ecosystems, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 11-115, Hamilton, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Five sediment-dwelling native New Zealand freshwater invertebrate species (amphipod, Chaetocorophium c.f. lucasi; clam, Sphaerium novaezelandiae; oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus; tanaid, Tanais standfordi; and the burrowing mayfly, Ichthybotus hudsoni) were assessed for their suitability for sediment toxicity testing by comparison of sensitivity to reference toxicants [phenol and pentachlorophenol (PCP)] and contaminated sediments. The 96-h EC50 values at 20°C showed a greater range in test sensitivity for phenol (30-fold range) from the most sensitive test, amphipod (8.1 mg/L), to the least sensitive one, clam (243 mg/L), compared with PCP (14-fold range), with amphipod the most sensitive test species (0.13 mg/L) and tanaid the least sensitive (1.8 mg/L). Clam reburial was a more sensitive end point than was lethality for phenol (by 20-fold) and PCP (by 2.4-fold). Four of the test species, excluding the tanaid, showed good 10-d survival in reference muds (≥87%) but lower survival in sand sediments (≥79%). Bleached kraft mill sediment containing high resin-acid concentrations (total 1,900 mg/kg dry weight) showed significant reductions in amphipod survival (15%), clam reburial (30%), and oligochaete survival (17%), and reproduction (49%). Amphipods, clams, and oligochaetes were the most promising species for sublethal test development.
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