Volume 21, Issue 8 e202400610
Research Article

Extraction Kinetics of Brazilian Green Propolis and Chemical Characterization of its Volatiles

Debora Baptista Pereira

Debora Baptista Pereira

Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro., Instituto de Química, Programa de pós-graduação em Química, Seropédica/Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

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Nataly de Souza Alves

Nataly de Souza Alves

Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro., Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Seropédica/Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

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Eliane Oliveira Silva

Eliane Oliveira Silva

Universidade Federal da Bahia., Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Salvador/Bahia, Brasil

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Neide Mara de Menezes Epifanio

Neide Mara de Menezes Epifanio

Universidade Federal rural do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

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Douglas Siqueira de Almeida Chaves

Corresponding Author

Douglas Siqueira de Almeida Chaves

Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro., Instituto de Química, Programa de pós-graduação em Química, Seropédica/Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Universidade Federal rural do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

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First published: 23 May 2024
Citations: 2

Abstract

Propolis is a natural resinous product produced by Apis mellifera bees from the exudates of various plants. The color of propolis (green) is a consequence of its botanical origin, as bees collect young tissues and leaves of Baccaris dracunculifolia. This study evaluated the chemical composition and extraction kinetics of essential oils obtained from Brazilian green propolis by hydrodistillation. Hydrodistillation was performed for 360 min and analyzed at different times (30, 60, 120, 240, and 360 min), allowing the calculation of the accumulated content (% w/w) and the identification of the essential oil chemical profile. The GC/FID and GC/MS analysis led to the annotation of 60 compounds with estragole (13.30 %), benzyl propanoate (14.59 %), and (E)-nerolidol (13.57 %) as the main compounds. The optimum conditions for extraction of phenylpropanoids (PP), hydrocarbons (HD), monoterpenes (MT), and oxygenated monoterpenes (OMT) are between 30 and 120 min. In comparison, sesquiterpenes (ST) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (OST) are extracted more efficiently between 240 and 360 min. The optimal extraction speed determination is essential for industrial-scale processing to obtain components such as sesquiterpenes, which have a high economic value in the cosmetic/perfumery and pharmaceutical industries.

Graphical Abstract

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Data Availability Statement

The data supporting this study′s findings are available on request from the corresponding author. However, due to privacy or ethical restrictions, the data are not publicly available.

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