Stochastization in gravitating systems
D.V. Ovod
Department of Space Technologies and Applied Astrodynamics, Saint Petersburg State University, 35 Universitetskij pr., Staryj Peterhof, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
L.P. Ossipkov
Department of Space Technologies and Applied Astrodynamics, Saint Petersburg State University, 35 Universitetskij pr., Staryj Peterhof, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
Department of Space Technologies and Applied Astrodynamics, Saint Petersburg State University, 35 Universitetskij pr., Staryj Peterhof, Saint Petersburg 198504, RussiaSearch for more papers by this authorD.V. Ovod
Department of Space Technologies and Applied Astrodynamics, Saint Petersburg State University, 35 Universitetskij pr., Staryj Peterhof, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
L.P. Ossipkov
Department of Space Technologies and Applied Astrodynamics, Saint Petersburg State University, 35 Universitetskij pr., Staryj Peterhof, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
Department of Space Technologies and Applied Astrodynamics, Saint Petersburg State University, 35 Universitetskij pr., Staryj Peterhof, Saint Petersburg 198504, RussiaSearch for more papers by this authorAbstract
We discuss the effective stochastization time τe for gravitating systems in terms of the Krylov and GurzadyanSavvidi paradigm. The truncated Holtsmark distribution for a random force proposed by Rastorguev and Sementsov implies τe/τc α N0.20, where τc is the crossing time. We find in the case of the Petrovskaya distribution for a random force τe/τc α Nk, where k = 0.27–0.31, depending on the oblateness and rotation of the system, and τe/τc α N1/3/(ln N)1/2 when N » 1. The latter result agrees with those of Genkin (1969) and Gurzadyan & Kocharyan (2009) (k = 1/3). (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
References
- Abramowitz, M., & Stegun, I. A. 1964, Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs and Mathematical Tables (National Bureau of Standards, Washington)
- Agekyan, T. A. 1959, SvA, 3, 46
- Allahverdyan, A. E., & Gurzadyan, V. G. 2002, Nuovo Cimento, 117 B 974
- Arnold, V. I., & Avez, A. 1967, Problèmes Ergodiques de la Mécanique Classique (Gauthier-Villars, Paris)
- Binney, J., & Tremaine, S. 2008, Galactic Dynamics, 2nd ed. (Princeton University Press, Princeton)
- Boccaletti, D., Pucacco, G., & Ruffini, R. 1991, A&A, 294, 48
- Chandrasekhar, S. 1942, Principles of Stellar Dynamics (Chicago Univ. Press, Chicago)
-
Chandrasekhar, S. 1943, Reviews of Modern Physics, 15, 1
10.1103/RevModPhys.15.1 Google Scholar
- Chandrasekhar, S., & Elbert, D. 1972, MNRAS, 155, 435
- Cipriani, P., & Pucacco, G. 1994, Nuovo Cimento B, 109, 325
- Contopoulos, G. 2004, Order and Chaos in Dynamical Astronomy (Springer, New York)
- David, M., & Theuns, T. 1989, MNRAS, 240, 957
- Ekker, G. 1972, Theory of Fully Ionized Plasmas (Academic Press, London, New York)
- El-Zant, A. 1997, A&A, 326, 113
- El-Zant, A. 1998a, A&A, 332 782
- El-Zant, A. 1998b, Phys. Rev. E, 58 4152
- El-Zant, A., & Gurzadyan, V. G. 1998, Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, 122, 241
- Fu, Y. N., & Sun, Y. S. 1999, MNRAS, 303, 801
- Genkin, I. L. 1969, Astronomicheskii Tsirkulyar, 507, 4
- Genkin, I. L. 1970, SvA, 13, 962
- Genkin, I. L. 1971, Soviet Physics Doklady, 16, 261
- Goldstein, H. 1980, Classical Mechanics, 2nd ed. (AddisonWesley, Reading)
- Goodman, J., Heggie, D. C., & Hut, P. 1993, ApJ, 415, 715
- Gurzadyan, V. G., & Savvidi, G. K. 1984, Soviet Physics Doklady, 29, 520
- Gurzadyan, V. G., & Savvidi, G. K. 1986, A&A, 160, 203
- Gurzadyan, V. G. 1994, Ergodic Methods in Stellar Dynamics, in Ergodic problems in stellar dynamics, ed. V. G. Gurzadyan, & D. Pfenniger), Lecture Notes in Physics 430 (Springer, Berlin), 43
- Gurzadyan, V. G. 2005, Highlights of Astronomy, 13, 354
- Gurzadyan, V. G., & Kocharyan, A. A. 2009, A&A, 505, 629
- Hemensdorf, M., & Merritt, D. 2002, ApJ, 580, 606
- Holtsmark, J. 1919, Annalen der Physik, 58, 577
- Hut, P., & Heggie, D. C. 2002, Journal of Statistical Physics, 109, 1017
- Kandrup, H. E. 1990a, ApJ, 364 420
- Kandrup, H. E. 1990b, Physica A, 169, 73
-
Kandrup, H. E. 1995, Astronomical and Astrophysical Transactions, 7, 225
10.1080/10556799508203261 Google Scholar
- Krylov, N. S. 1979, Works on Foundations of Statistical Physics (Princeton University Press, Princeton)
- Merritt, D. 2005, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1045, 3
- Miller, R. H., & Smith, B. F. 1994, Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, 59, 161
- Namboodiri, P. M. S. 2000, Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, 76, 69
- Nelson, R. W., & Tremaine, S. 1999, MNRAS, 306, 1
- Ogorodnikov, K. F. 1957, AZh, 34, 809
- Ogorodnikov, K. F. 1965, Dynamics of Stellar Systems (Pergamon Press, London)
- Ossipkov, L. P. 1981, Astronomicheskii Tsirkulyar, 1181, 4
- Ossipkov, L. P. 2000, Astrophysics, 43, 315
- Ossipkov, L. P. 2005, in ed. S. N. Nuritdinov, Ulugh-Beg Lectures, Tashkent, 46
-
Ossipkov, L. P. 2006, Astronomical and Astrophysical Transactions, 26, 123
10.1080/10556790600916822 Google Scholar
- Ossipkov, L. P. 2009, Messenger StPetersb. Univ., ser. 10 (Appl. Math., Inform., Control Proc.) iss. 2, 93
- Ossipkov, L. P. 2012, Astronomicheskii Tsirkulyar, 1578, 1
- Ovod, D. V. 2009, in Control Processes and Stability. Proc. XL Meeting of Faculty Appl. Math. Control Proc., ed. N. V. Smirnov, & G. Sh. Tamasyan (Saint Petersburg Univ. Press, Saint Petersburg), 241
- Ovod, D. V. 2010, in Control Processes and Stability. Proc. XLI Meeting of Faculty Appl. Math. Control Proc., ed. N. V. Smirnov, & G. Sh. Tamasyan (Saint Petersburg Univ. Press, Saint Petersburg), 199
- Ovod, D. V., & Ossipkov, L. P. 2010, On Collisional Relaxation in Star Systems,in Variable Stars, the Galactic Halo and the Galaxy Formation, ed. C. Sterken, N. Samus, & L. Szabados (Sternberg Astron. Inst., Moscow), 145
- Ovod, D. V. 2012, Astronomicheskii Tsirkulyar, 1571, 1
- Petrovskaya, I. V. 1986, SvA Lett., 12, 237
- Petrovskaya, I. V. 1988, The Force Distribution for Close Encounters, in The Few Body Problem, ed. M. J. Valtonen, IAU Coll. 96 (Kluwer, Dordrecht), 275
- Pettini, E. 1993, Phys. Rev. E, 47, 828
- Pfenniger, D. 1993, Order and Chaos in N-body Systems, in Nbody Problems and Gravitational Dynamics, ed. F. Combes, & E. Athanassoula (Observatoire de Paris, Meudon), 1
- Rastorguev, A. S., & Sementsov, V. N. 2006, Astron. Lett., 32, 14
- Saslaw, W. C. 1987, Gravitational Physics of Stellar and Galactic Systems (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK)
-
Som Sunder, G., & Kochnar, R. K. 1985, MNRAS, 213, 381
10.1093/mnras/213.2.381 Google Scholar
- Vandervoort, P. O. 2011, MNRAS, 411, 37
- Wachlin, F. C., & Muzzio, J. C. 1997, Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, 67, 225
- Zaslavsky, G. M. 1998, Physics of Chaos in Hamiltonian Systems (Imperial College Press, New York)