Research Article
Random dynamics and finance: constructing implied binomial trees from a predetermined stationary density
Wael Bahsoun, Paweł Góra, Silvia Mayoral, Manuel Morales,
Corresponding Author
Manuel Morales
University of Montreal, Que., Canada
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Montreal, CP 6128 centre ville, succ. Montreal, Que., Canada H3C 3J7Search for more papers by this authorWael Bahsoun, Paweł Góra, Silvia Mayoral, Manuel Morales,
Corresponding Author
Manuel Morales
University of Montreal, Que., Canada
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Montreal, CP 6128 centre ville, succ. Montreal, Que., Canada H3C 3J7Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
We introduce a general binomial model for asset prices based on the concept of random maps. The asymptotic stationary distribution for such model is studied using techniques from dynamical systems. In particular, we present a technique to construct a general binomial model with a predetermined stationary distribution. This technique is independent of the chosen distribution making our model potentially useful in financial applications. We briefly explore the suitability of our construction as an implied binomial tree. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
REFERENCES
- 1 Schenk-Hoppe KR. Random dynamical systems in economics. Stochastics and Dynamics 2001; 1(1): 63–83.
10.1142/S0219493701000059 Google Scholar
- 2 Cox JC, Ross SA, Rubinstein M. Option pricing: a simplified approach. Journal of Financial Economics 1979; 7: 229–264.
- 3 Rubinstein M. Implied binomial trees. The Journal of Finance 1994; 49(3): 771–818.
- 4 Derman E, Kani I. The Volatility Smile and its Implied Tree. Quantitative Strategies Research Notes. Goldman Sachs: London, U.K., 1994.
- 5 Cakici N, Foster KR. Option pricing: trees from history. Risk Magazine 2002; 15(8): 87–90.
- 6 Hui ECH. An enhanced implied tree model for option pricing: a study on Hong Kong property stock options. International Review of Economics and Finance 2006; 15(3): 324–345.
10.1016/j.iref.2005.03.004 Google Scholar
- 7 Rachev ST, Ruschendorf L. Models for Option Prices. Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford, 1997.
- 8 Hubalek F, Schachermayer W. When does convergence of asset price processes imply convergence of option prices? Mathematical Finance 1998; 8: 385–403.
- 9 Diener F, Diener M. Asymptotics of the price oscillations of a European call option in a tree model. Mathematical Finance 2004; 14(2): 271–293.
- 10 Nelson DB, Ramaswamy K. Simple binomial processes as diffusion approximations in financial models. The Review of Financial Studies 1990; 3(3): 393–430.
- 11 Jackwerth JG. Option-implied risk neutral distributions and implied binomial trees: a literature review. The Journal of Derivatives 1999; 7(2): 66–82.
10.3905/jod.1999.319143 Google Scholar
- 12 Rydberg TH. Generalized hyperbolic diffusion processes with applications in finance. Mathematical Finance 1999; 2: 183–201.
- 13 Dupire B. Pricing with a smile. Risk 1994; 7(1): 18–20.
- 14 Jackwerth JG. Generalized binomial trees. The Journal of Derivatives 1997; 5(2): 7–17.
10.3905/jod.1997.407989 Google Scholar
- 15 Derman E, Kani I. Stochastic implied trees: arbitrage pricing with stochastic term and strike structure of volatility. International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 1998; 1: 7–22.
10.1142/S0219024998000059 Google Scholar
- 16 Barle S, Cakici N. How to grow a smiling tree. Journal of Financial Engineering 1998; 7: 127–146.
- 17 Dumas B, Fleming J, Whaley RE. Implied volatility functions: empirical tests. The Journal of Finance 1998; 53(6): 2059–2106.
- 18 Brown B, Toft KB. Constructing binomial trees from multiple implied probability distributions. The Journal of Derivatives 1999; 7(2): 83–100.
10.3905/jod.1999.319142 Google Scholar
- 19 Britten-Jones M, Neuberger A. Option prices, implied price processes and stochastic volatility. The Journal of Finance 2000; 55(2): 839–866.
- 20 Jackwerth JG, Rubinstein M. Recovering probability distributions from option prices. The Journal of Finance 1996; 51(5): 1611–1631.
- 21 Li Y. A new algorithm for constructing implied binomial trees: does the implied model fit any volatility smile? The Journal of Computational Finance 2001; 4(2): 69–95.
- 22 Doob J. Stochastic Processes. Wiley: New York, 1953.
- 23 Boyarsky A, Góra P. Laws of Chaos. Brikhaüser: Boston, 1997.
10.1007/978-1-4612-2024-4 Google Scholar
- 24 Dunford N, Schwartz JT. Linear Operators. Part I: General Theory. Interscience: New York, 1964.
- 25 Elton JH. An ergodic theorem for iterated maps. Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 1978; 7: 481–488.
- 26 He H. Convergence from discrete- to continuous-time contingent claims prices. The Review of Financial Studies 1990; 3: 523–546.
- 27 Bahsoun W, Góra P. Position dependent random maps in one and higher dimensions. Studia Mathematica 2005; 166(3): 271–286.
- 28 Jackwerth JG, Rubinstein M. Recovering stochastic processes from option prices. Working Paper, London School of Economics, 2001.
- 29 Bahra B. Implied risk-neutral probability density functions from option prices: theory and application. Working Paper, Bank of England, 1997.
- 30 Ait-Sahalia Y, Lo A. Nonparametric estimation of state–price densities implicit in financial asset prices. Journal of Finance 1998; 53(2): 499–547.
- 31 Constantinides GM, Jackwerth JG, Perrakis S. Option pricing: real and risk-neutral distributions. Working Paper, University of Chicago, 2005.
- 32 Barndorff-Nielsen OE. Process of normal inverse Gaussian type. Finance and Stochastics 1998; 2: 41–68.
10.1007/s007800050032 Google Scholar
- 33 Eberlein E, Keller U. Hyperbolic distributions in finance. Bernouilli 1995; 1: 281–299.
10.2307/3318481 Google Scholar
- 34 Eberlein E. Application of Generalized Hyperbolic Lévy Motions in Finance. Lévy Processes: Theory and Applications. Birkhäuser: Berlin, 2001.
- 35 Jackwerth JG, Rubinstein M. Recovering Probabilities and Risk Aversion from Option Prices and Realized Returns. The Legacy of Fischer Black. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2004.
- 36 Elliot RJ, Kopp PE. Mathematics of Financial Markets. Springer: New York, 1999.
10.1007/978-1-4757-7146-6 Google Scholar
- 37 Pliska SR. Introduction to mathematical finance: discrete time models. Theory of Probability and its Applications 1994; 39(1): 120–152.
- 38 Góra P, Boyarsky A. Absolutely continuous invariant measures for random maps with position dependent probabilities. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 2003; 278: 225–242.
- 39 Bahsoun W, Góra P, Boyarsky A. Stochastic perturbations for position dependent random maps. Stochastics and Dynamics 2003; 3(4): 545–557.
10.1142/S0219493703000826 Google Scholar
- 40 Skiadopoulos G. Volatility smile consistent option models: a survey. International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 2001; 4(3): 403–437.
10.1142/S021902490100105X Google Scholar