Volume 140, Issue 11 e53629

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Blood compatible and noncytotoxic superhydrophobic graphene/titanium dioxide coating with antibacterial and antibiofilm properties

Xun Hui Wu,

Corresponding Author

Xun Hui Wu

[email protected]

orcid.org/0000-0002-5967-5059

School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Correspondence

Xun Hui Wu, School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.

Email: [email protected]

Yoon Yee Then, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.

Email: [email protected]

Contribution: Conceptualization (lead), Data curation (lead), Formal analysis (lead), Investigation (lead), Methodology (lead), Project administration (lead), Software (lead), Visualization (lead), Writing - original draft (lead), Writing - review & editing (lead)

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Yun Khoon Liew,

Yun Khoon Liew

Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Contribution: Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Methodology (equal), Supervision (equal), Validation (equal)

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Wei Meng Lim,

Wei Meng Lim

School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

Contribution: Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal), Validation (supporting)

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Chun-Wai Mai,

Chun-Wai Mai

State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting), Data curation (supporting), Formal analysis (supporting), Investigation (supporting), Methodology (supporting), Resources (supporting), Supervision (equal)

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Yoon Yee Then,

Corresponding Author

Yoon Yee Then

[email protected]

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Correspondence

Xun Hui Wu, School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.

Email: [email protected]

Yoon Yee Then, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.

Email: [email protected]

Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Funding acquisition (lead), Investigation (supporting), Methodology (equal), Project administration (supporting), Resources (equal), Supervision (lead), Validation (equal), Visualization (equal)

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Xun Hui Wu,

Corresponding Author

Xun Hui Wu

[email protected]

orcid.org/0000-0002-5967-5059

School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Correspondence

Xun Hui Wu, School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.

Email: [email protected]

Yoon Yee Then, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.

Email: [email protected]

Search for more papers by this author

Yun Khoon Liew,

Yun Khoon Liew

Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Contribution: Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Methodology (equal), Supervision (equal), Validation (equal)

Search for more papers by this author

Wei Meng Lim,

Wei Meng Lim

School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

Contribution: Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal), Validation (supporting)

Search for more papers by this author

Chun-Wai Mai,

Chun-Wai Mai

Search for more papers by this author

Yoon Yee Then,

Corresponding Author

Yoon Yee Then

[email protected]

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Correspondence

Xun Hui Wu, School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.

Email: [email protected]

Yoon Yee Then, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.

Email: [email protected]

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First published: 13 January 2023

https://doi.org/10.1002/app.53629

Citations: 1

Funding information: Fundamental Research Grant Scheme, Grant/Award Number: FRGS/1/2018/STG07/IMU/03/1

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Abstract

The potential of superhydrophobic surfaces has gained vast attention in medical settings due to their self-cleaning effect (including bacterial colonization reduction), minimized cell-to-surface interaction, and anti-biofouling effect. These valuable features allow the vanquishment of some limitations accompanying the blood-contacting medical devices that are widely used in clinical practice. The extracorporeal circulation used to perform hemodialysis, for instance, as well as the blood collection sets, these essential blood-contacting medical devices are frequently associated with bacterial infection and hemolysis. Within this study, superhydrophobic surface was substantiated to enhance the biocompatibility. Herein, the graphene (Gr) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles were dip-coated on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) film to produce a superhydrophobic surface. The uniform distribution of the Gr/TiO₂ nanoparticles of the coating enhanced the surface roughness and therefore promoted superhydrophobic properties. Co-occurrence of the Cassie-Baxter regime and Wenzel regime was suggested to induce the low surface wettability. The superhydrophobic Gr/TiO₂ demonstrated significant inhibition of biofilm formation and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Besides, the in vitro blood compatibility assay showed a hemolysis rate lower than 2%, which was categorized as nonhemolytic. The exposure of human heart cells and kidney cells to the Gr/TiO₂-coated PLA film did not significantly affect the cell viability. The findings herein showed promising results for the superhydrophobic Gr/TiO₂-coated PLA film to act as a potential biomaterial for single-use blood-contacting medical devices. This study also provided insight for future medical applications that require superhydrophobic coatings.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Open Research

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Citing Literature

Volume140, Issue11

March 15, 2023

e53629

Blood compatible and noncytotoxic superhydrophobic graphene/titanium dioxide coating with antibacterial and antibiofilm properties

Abstract

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

Open Research

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

REFERENCES

Citing Literature

References

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