Free volume correlation with electrical conductivity of polycarbonate/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites studied by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy
Corresponding Author
Jiang Zhong
Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 People's Republic of China
Correspondence to: J. Zhong (E-mail: [email protected]) and L. Shen (E-mail: [email protected])Search for more papers by this authorYang Ding
Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 People's Republic of China
Search for more papers by this authorFei Gao
Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 People's Republic of China
Search for more papers by this authorJia Wen
Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 People's Republic of China
Search for more papers by this authorJiyong Zhou
Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 People's Republic of China
Search for more papers by this authorWenbin Zheng
Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 People's Republic of China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Liang Shen
Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 People's Republic of China
Correspondence to: J. Zhong (E-mail: [email protected]) and L. Shen (E-mail: [email protected])Search for more papers by this authorChangqing Fu
Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 People's Republic of China
Search for more papers by this authorBo Wang
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid Physics, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 People's Republic of China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Jiang Zhong
Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 People's Republic of China
Correspondence to: J. Zhong (E-mail: [email protected]) and L. Shen (E-mail: [email protected])Search for more papers by this authorYang Ding
Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 People's Republic of China
Search for more papers by this authorFei Gao
Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 People's Republic of China
Search for more papers by this authorJia Wen
Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 People's Republic of China
Search for more papers by this authorJiyong Zhou
Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 People's Republic of China
Search for more papers by this authorWenbin Zheng
Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 People's Republic of China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Liang Shen
Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 People's Republic of China
Correspondence to: J. Zhong (E-mail: [email protected]) and L. Shen (E-mail: [email protected])Search for more papers by this authorChangqing Fu
Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 People's Republic of China
Search for more papers by this authorBo Wang
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid Physics, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 People's Republic of China
Search for more papers by this authorABSTRACT
The reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was added to polycarbonate (PC) through solvent mixing. The influences of RGO on the free volumes and electrical conductivity of PC were systemically studied by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, and electrical conductivity measurements for PC/RGO nanocomposites. The nanosized effect, good conductivity of RGO, and strong interfacial interaction between RGO and PC result in the low conductive threshold of 0.36 wt %. Ten orders of magnitude increase in electrical conductivity was obtained. The results of PALS indicate the properties of free volumes fluctuate around the conductive percolation threshold. The conformational change of PC segments in the interfacial region induced by the strong interfacial interaction leads to an increase in free volume radius. The concentration of free volume decreases due to the depression of free volume holes as the introduction of RGO. Significantly, an exponential function is proposed to describe the effect of relative fractional free volume on the electrical conductivity, suggesting that free volume plays an important role in regulating electrical conductivity of PC/RGO. The physical quantity fd that refers required fractional free volume of polymer composites from insulating to conducting phase is found. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48207.
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