Polymorphism in a metallocenic isotactic polypropylene as revealed by means of FTIR spectroscopy: Influence of the processing conditions
Corresponding Author
V. Lorenzo
POLímeros: Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA – UA del ICTP-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
POLímeros: Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA – UA del ICTP-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain===Search for more papers by this authorM.J. Polo-Corpa
Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorE. Pérez
Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorR. Benavente
Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorM.U. de la Orden
Depto. de Química Orgánica I, Escuela Universitaria de Óptica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Arcos de Jalón s/n, 28037, Madrid, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Martínez-Urreaga
POLímeros: Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA – UA del ICTP-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
V. Lorenzo
POLímeros: Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA – UA del ICTP-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
POLímeros: Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA – UA del ICTP-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain===Search for more papers by this authorM.J. Polo-Corpa
Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorE. Pérez
Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorR. Benavente
Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorM.U. de la Orden
Depto. de Química Orgánica I, Escuela Universitaria de Óptica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Arcos de Jalón s/n, 28037, Madrid, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Martínez-Urreaga
POLímeros: Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA – UA del ICTP-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
The polymorphic structure in specimens of a metallocenic isotactic polypropylene, processed under different conditions, has been studied by means of wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The proportions of the different polymorphs have been evaluated, and the influence of the processing parameters (nucleating agents, cooling rate, and nature of the surface of the molds) has been analyzed. The combination of WAXS, DSC, and FTIR results confirms the adequacy of this last technique to obtain quantitative information about the competition between the crystalline phases of polypropylene. It has also been proved that the nature of the mold can enhance considerably the activity of beta-nucleating agents. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
References
- 1 Brückner, S.; Meille, S. V.; Petraccone, V.; Pirozzi, B. Prog Polym Sci 1991, 16, 361.
- 2 Phillips, P. J.; Mezghani, K. In The Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia; J. C. Salamone, Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, 1996; Vol. 9, p 6637.
- 3 Natta, G.; Corradini, P. Nuovo Cimento Suppl 1960, 15, 40.
- 4 Turner-Jones, A.; Aizlewood, J. M.; Beckett, D. R. Makromol Chem 1964, 75, 134.
- 5 Brückner, S.; Meille, S. V. Nature 1989, 340, 455.
- 6 Varga, J. J Mater Sci 1992, 27, 2557.
- 7 Meille, S. V.; Ferro, D.; Brückner, S.; Lovinger, A. J.; Padden, F. J. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 2615.
- 8 Kissel, W. J.; Han, J. H.; Meyer, J. A. In Handbook of Polypropylene and Polypropylene Composites, Revised and Expanded, 2nd ed.; H. G. Karian, Ed.; New York: Marcel Dekker, 2003; pp 11–34.
- 9 Maier, C.; Calafut, T. Polypropylene, The Definitive User's Guide and Databook; Plastics Design Library: Norwich, NY, 1998.
- 10 Imanishi, Y.; Naga, N. Prog Polym Sci 2001, 26, 1147.
- 11 Zhang, P.; Liu, X.; Li, Y. Mater Sci Eng A Struct 2006, 434, 310.
- 12 Thomann, R.; Semke, H.; Maier, R. D.; Thomann, Y.; Scherble, J.; Mulhaupt, R.; Kressler, J. Polymer 2001, 42, 4597.
- 13 Van der Burgt, F. P. T. J.; Rastogi, S.; Chadwick, J. C.; Rieger, B. J Macromol Sci B 2002, 41, 1091.
- 14 Lotz, B.; Wittmann, J. C.; Lovinger, A. J. Polymer 1996, 37, 4979.
- 15
Varga, J.;
Ehrenstein, G. W. In
Polypropylene. An A-Z reference.
J. Karger-Kocsis, Ed.;
Kluwer Academic Publishers:
Dordrecht,
1999; pp
51–59.
10.1007/978-94-011-4421-6_8 Google Scholar
- 16
Kressler, J. In
Polypropylene. An A-Z reference.
J. Karger-Kocsis; Ed.;
Kluwer Academic Publishers:
Dordrecht,
1999; pp
267–272.
10.1007/978-94-011-4421-6_37 Google Scholar
- 17 Pérez, E.; Zucchi, D.; Sacchi, M. C.; Forlini, F.; Bello, A. Polymer 1999, 40, 675.
- 18 Su, Z.; Wang, H.; Dong, J.; Zhang, X.; Dong, X.; Zhao, Y.; Yu, J; Han, C. C.; Xu, D.; Wang, D. Polymer 2007, 48, 870.
- 19 Dimeska, A.; Philips, P. J. Polymer 2006, 47, 5445.
- 20 Arranz-Andrés, J.; Peña, B.; Benavente, R.; Pérez, E.; Cerrada, M. L. Eur Polym J 2007, 43, 2357.
- 21 Alamo, R. G.; Kim, M. H.; Galante, M. J.; Isasi, J. R.; Mandlekern, L. Macromolecules 1999, 32, 4050.
- 22
Andreassen, E. In
Polypropylene. An A-Z reference.
J. Karger-Kocsis; Ed.;
Kluwer Academic Publishers:
Dordrecht,
1999; pp
320–328.
10.1007/978-94-011-4421-6_46 Google Scholar
- 23 Kissin, Y. V.; Rishina, L. A. Eur Polym J 1976, 12, 757.
- 24 Zhu, X.; Yan, D.; Fang, Y. J Phys Chem B 2001, 105, 12461.
- 25 Reddy, K. R.; Tashiro, K.; Sakurai, T.; Yamaguchi, N.; Sasaki, S.; Masunaga, H.; Masaki, T. Macromolecules 2009, 42, 4191.
- 26 Schönherr, H.; Wiyatno, W.; Frank, C. W.; Fuller, G. G.; Gast, A. P.; Pople, J. A.; Waymouth, R. M. Macromolecules 2002, 35, 2654.
- 27 Burfield, D. R.; Loi, P. S. T. J Appl Polym Sci 2003, 36, 279.
- 28 Ellis, G.; Gómez, M.; Marco, C. Int J Vibr Spec 2001, 5, 7; Available at: www.ijvs.com.
- 29 Ellis, G.; Marco, C.; Gómez, M. Infrared Phys Technol 2004, 45, 349.
- 30 Ellis, G.; Marco, C.; Gómez, M.; Blancas, C. Bol Soc Esp Ceram V 2004, 43, 340.
- 31 Beckett, D. R.; Chalmers, J. M.; Mackenzie, M. W.; Willis, H. A.; Edwards, H. G. M.; Lees, J. S.; Long, D. A. Eur Polym J 1985, 21, 849.
- 32 Li, X.; Hu, K.; Ji, M.; Huang, Y.; Zhou, G. J Appl Polym Sci 2002, 86, 633.
- 33 Shi, G.; Zhang, X.; Qiu, Z. Makromol Chem 1992, 193, 583.
- 34 Varga, J.; Mudra, I.; Ehrenstein, G. W. J Appl Polym Sci 1999, 74, 2357.
- 35
Mansel, S.;
Pérez, E.;
Benavente, R.;
Pereña, J. M.;
Bello, A.;
Roll, W.;
Kirsten, R.;
Beck, S.;
Brintzinger, H. H.
Macromol Chem Phys
1999,
200,
1292.
10.1002/(SICI)1521-3935(19990601)200:6<1292::AID-MACP1292>3.0.CO;2-G CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
- 36 Krache, R.; Benavente, R.; López-Majada, J. M.; Pereña, J. M.; Cerrada, M. L.; Pérez, E. Macromolecules 2007, 40, 6871.
- 37
Varga, J. In
Polypropylene. Structure, blends and composites, Vol.
1.
J. Karger-Kocsis, Ed.;
Chapman&Hall:
London,
1995; pp
56–115.
10.1007/978-94-011-0567-5_3 Google Scholar
- 38 Peña, D. Análisis de Datos Multivariantes; McGraw-Hill: Madrid, Spain, 2002.
- 39 Pandey, G. C.; Kumar, A.; Garg, R. K. Eur Polym J 2002, 38, 745.
- 40 Jørgensen, B.; Goegebeur, Y. STO2: Multivariate Data Analysis and Chemometrics; Available at: http://statmaster.sdu.dk/courses/STO2/module08/index.html, 2007. Accessed on 30 December.
- 41
Höskuldsson, A.
J Chemometrics
1988,
2,
211.
10.1002/cem.1180020306 Google Scholar
- 42 Lamberti, G.; Brucato, V. J Polym Sci B Polym Phys 2003, 41, 998.
Citing Literature
