One-Stone-For-Three-Birds Strategy Using a Fullerene Modifier for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Xiaofen Jiang
Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Contribution: Investigation (lead), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorLingbo Jia
Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Contribution: Investigation (lead), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorShantao Zhang
Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Contribution: Investigation (lead), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorYan Gao
Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
Contribution: Investigation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorNan Yan
Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
Contribution: Investigation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorTianao Hou
Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
Contribution: Investigation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorShuang Gao
Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
Contribution: Investigation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorXue Wang
Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
Contribution: Investigation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorXinyu Li
Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
Contribution: Investigation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Wenjing Chen
Department of Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
Contribution: Investigation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Zhengguo Xiao
Department of Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
Contribution: Investigation (supporting), Writing - review & editing (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorXiaojun Wu
Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
Contribution: Investigation (supporting), Writing - review & editing (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Zhimin Fang
Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127 China
Contribution: Investigation (supporting), Supervision (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
Contribution: Project administration (equal), Resources (equal), Supervision (lead), Writing - review & editing (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Shangfeng Yang
Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
Contribution: Project administration (lead), Resources (lead), Supervision (lead), Writing - review & editing (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorXiaofen Jiang
Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Contribution: Investigation (lead), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorLingbo Jia
Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Contribution: Investigation (lead), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorShantao Zhang
Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Contribution: Investigation (lead), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorYan Gao
Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
Contribution: Investigation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorNan Yan
Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
Contribution: Investigation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorTianao Hou
Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
Contribution: Investigation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorShuang Gao
Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
Contribution: Investigation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorXue Wang
Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
Contribution: Investigation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorXinyu Li
Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
Contribution: Investigation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Wenjing Chen
Department of Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
Contribution: Investigation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Zhengguo Xiao
Department of Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
Contribution: Investigation (supporting), Writing - review & editing (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorXiaojun Wu
Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
Contribution: Investigation (supporting), Writing - review & editing (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Zhimin Fang
Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127 China
Contribution: Investigation (supporting), Supervision (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
Contribution: Project administration (equal), Resources (equal), Supervision (lead), Writing - review & editing (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Shangfeng Yang
Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
Contribution: Project administration (lead), Resources (lead), Supervision (lead), Writing - review & editing (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorGraphical Abstract
A novel fullerene derivative (denoted as C60-TMA) is synthesized and employed to modify the interface between perovskite and C60. C60-TMA can passivate the surface defects to suppress non-radiative recombination, form a cascade energy level to facilitate electron extraction, and induce secondary growth of perovskite, contributing to a champion PCE of 24.89 % for inverted PSCs with significantly improved thermal stability.
Abstract
The electron extraction from perovskite/C60 interface plays a crucial role in influencing the photovoltaic performance of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we develop a one-stone-for-three-birds strategy via employing a novel fullerene derivative bearing triple methyl acrylate groups (denoted as C60-TMA) as a multifunctional interfacial layer to optimize electron extraction at the perovskite/C60 interface. It is found that the C60-TMA not only passivates surface defects of perovskite via coordination interactions between C=O groups and Pb2+ cations but also bridge electron transfer between perovskite and C60. Moreover, it effectively induces the secondary grain growth of the perovskite film through strong bonding effect, and this phenomenon has never been observed in prior art reports on fullerene related studies. The combination of the above three upgrades enables improved perovskite film quality with increased grain size and enhanced crystallinity. With these advantages, C60-TMA treated PSC devices exhibit a much higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.89 % than the control devices (23.66 %). Besides, C60-TMA benefits improved thermal stability of PSC devices, retaining over 90 % of its initial efficiency after aging at 85 °C for 1200 h, primarily due to the reinforced interfacial interactions and improved perovskite film quality.
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Open Research
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Supporting Information
As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors.
Filename | Description |
---|---|
anie202412409-sup-0001-misc_information.pdf1.9 MB | Supporting Information |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
References
- 1S. Zhang, F. Ye, X. Wang, R. Chen, H. Zhang, L. Zhan, X. Jiang, Y. Li, X. Ji, S. Liu, M. Yu, F. Yu, Y. Zhang, R. Wu, Z. Liu, Z. Ning, D. Neher, L. Han, Y. Lin, H. Tian, W. Chen, M. Stolterfoht, L. Zhang, W. Zhu, Y. Wu, Science 2023, 380, 404–409.
- 2X. Wu, B. Li, Z. Zhu, C.-C. Chueh, A. K.-Y. Jen, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2021, 50, 13090–13128.
- 3Z. Wang, L. Zeng, T. Zhu, H. Chen, B. Chen, D. J. Kubicki, A. Balvanz, C. Li, A. Maxwell, E. Ugur, R. dos Reis, M. Cheng, G. Yang, B. Subedi, D. Luo, J. Hu, J. Wang, S. Teale, S. Mahesh, S. Wang, S. Hu, E. D. Jung, M. Wei, S. M. Park, L. Grater, E. Aydin, Z. Song, N. J. Podraza, Z.-H. Lu, J. Huang, V. P. Dravid, S. De Wolf, Y. Yan, M. Grätzel, M. G. Kanatzidis, E. H. Sargent, Nature 2023, 618, 74–79.
- 4Z. Li, X. Sun, X. Zheng, B. Li, D. Gao, S. Zhang, X. Wu, S. Li, J. Gong, J. M. Luther, Z. a Li, Z. Zhu, Science 2023, 382, 284–289.
- 5J. Luo, R. He, H. Lai, C. Chen, J. Zhu, Y. Xu, F. Yao, T. Ma, Y. Luo, Z. Yi, Y. Jiang, Z. Gao, J. Wang, W. Wang, H. Huang, Y. Wang, S. Ren, Q. Lin, C. Wang, F. Fu, D. Zhao, Adv. Mater. 2023, 35, 2300352.
- 6NREL, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Best Research Cell Efficiency Chart, https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html.
- 7S. Yu, Z. Xiong, H. Zhou, Q. Zhang, Z. Wang, F. Ma, Z. Qu, Y. Zhao, X. Chu, X. Zhang, J. You, Science 2023, 382, 1399–1404.
- 8C. Liu, Y. Yang, H. Chen, J. Xu, A. Liu, A. S. R. Bati, H. Zhu, L. Grater, S. S. Hadke, C. Huang, V. K. Sangwan, T. Cai, D. Shin, L. Chen, M. C. Hersam, C. A. Mirkin, B. Chen, M. G. Kanatzidis, E. H. Sargent, Science 2023, 382, 810–815.
- 9D. Gao, B. Li, Z. Li, X. Wu, S. Zhang, D. Zhao, X. Jiang, C. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. Li, N. Li, S. Xiao, W. Choy, A. K. Y. Jen, S. Yang, Z. Zhu, Adv. Mater. 2023, 35, 2206387.
- 10X. Chin, D. Turkay, J. A. Steele, S. Tabean, S. Eswara, M. Mensi, P. Fiala, C. M. Wolff, A. Paracchino, K. Artuk, D. Jacobs, Q. Guesnay, F. Sahli, G. Andreatta, M. Boccard, Q. Jeangros, C. Ballif, Science 2023, 381, 59–63.
- 11N. Yan, Z. Fang, Z. Dai, J. Feng, S. Liu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2024, 34, 2314039.
- 12K. Zhao, Q. Liu, L. Yao, C. Değer, J. Shen, X. Zhang, P. Shi, Y. Tian, Y. Luo, J. Xu, J. Zhou, D. Jin, S. Wang, W. Fan, S. Zhang, S. Chu, X. Wang, L. Tian, R. Liu, L. Zhang, I. Yavuz, H. Wang, D. Yang, R. Wang, J. Xue, Nature 2024, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07712-6.
- 13Z. Liang, Y. Zhang, H. Xu, W. Chen, B. Liu, J. Zhang, H. Zhang, Z. Wang, D. Kang, J. Zeng, X. Gao, Q. Wang, H. Hu, H. Zhou, X. Cai, X. Tian, P. Reiss, B. Xu, T. Kirchartz, Z. Xiao, S. Dai, N. G. Park, J. Ye, X. Pan, Nature 2023, 624, 557–563.
- 14E. Ugur, A. Said, P. Dally, S. Zhang, C. E. Petoukhoff, D. R. Villalva, S. Zhumagali, B. K. Yildirim, A. Razzaq, S. Sarwade, A. Yazmaciyan, D. Baran, F. Laquai, C. Deger, I. Yavuz, T. G. Allen, E. Aydin, S. D. Wolf, Science 2024, 385, 533–538.
- 15Z. Li, B. Li, X. Wu, S. A. Sheppard, S. Zhang, D. Gao, N. J. Long, Z. Zhu, Science 2022, 376, 416–420.
- 16Q. Jiang, J. Tong, Y. Xian, R. Kerner, S. Dunfield, C. Xiao, R. Scheidt, D. Kuciauskas, X. Wang, M. Hautzinger, R. Tirawat, M. Beard, D. Fenning, J. Berry, B. Larson, Y. Yan, K. Zhu, Nature 2022, 611, 278–283.
- 17F. Ye, S. Zhang, J. Warby, J. Wu, E. Gutierrez-Partida, F. Lang, S. Shah, E. Saglamkaya, B. Sun, F. Zu, S. Shoaee, H. Wang, B. Stiller, D. Neher, W. Zhu, M. Stolterfoht, Y. Wu, Nat. Commun. 2022, 13, 7454.
- 18Z. Ni, C. Bao, Y. Liu, Q. Jiang, W.-Q. Wu, S. Chen, X. Dai, B. Chen, B. Hartweg, Z. Yu, Z. Holman, J. Huang, Science 2020, 367, 1352–1358.
- 19R. Lin, Y. Wang, Q. Lu, B. Tang, J. Li, H. Gao, Y. Gao, H. Li, C. Ding, J. Wen, P. Wu, C. Liu, S. Zhao, K. Xiao, Z. Liu, C. Ma, Y. Deng, L. Li, F. Fan, H. Tan, Nature 2023, 620, 994–1000.
- 20X. Li, W. Zhang, X. Guo, C. Lu, J. Wei, J. Fang, Science 2022, 375, 434–437.
- 21J. Liu, J. Chen, P. Xu, L. Xie, S. Yang, Y. Meng, M. Li, C. Xiao, M. Yang, Z. Ge, Adv. Energy Mater. 2024, 14, 2303092.
- 22S. M. Park, A. Abtahi, A. M. Boehm, K. R. Graham, ACS Energy Lett. 2020, 5, 799–806.
- 23H. Chen, S. Teale, B. Chen, Y. Hou, L. Grater, T. Zhu, K. Bertens, S. M. Park, H. R. Atapattu, Y. Gao, M. Wei, A. K. Johnston, Q. Zhou, K. Xu, D. Yu, C. Han, T. Cui, E. H. Jung, C. Zhou, W. Zhou, A. H. Proppe, S. Hoogland, F. Laquai, T. Filleter, K. R. Graham, Z. Ning, E. H. Sargent, Nat. Photonics 2022, 16, 352–358.
- 24D. Menzel, A. Al-Ashouri, A. Tejada, I. Levine, J. A. Guerra, B. Rech, S. Albrecht, L. Korte, Adv. Energy Mater. 2022, 12, 2201109.
- 25W. Peng, K. Mao, F. Cai, H. Meng, Z. Zhu, T. Li, S. Yuan, Z. Xu, X. Feng, J. Xu, M. D. McGehee, J. Xu, Science 2023, 379, 683–690.
- 26K. Mao, F. Cai, Z. Zhu, H. Meng, T. Li, S. Yuan, J. Zhang, W. Peng, J. Xu, X. Feng, Q. Chen, J. Xian, Adv. Energy Mater. 2023, 13, 2302132.
- 27T. Zheng, B. Fan, Y. Zhao, B. Jin, L. Fan, R. Peng, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2021, 598, 229–237.
- 28Q. Cao, Y. Li, Y. Zhang, J. Zhao, T. Wang, B. Yang, X. Pu, J. Yang, H. Chen, X. Chen, X. Li, S. Ghasemi, H. Salari, A. Hagfeldt, X. Li, Adv. Energy Mater. 2022, 12, 2201435.
- 29B. Li, X. Wu, H. Zhang, S. Zhang, Z. Li, D. Gao, C. Zhang, M. Chen, S. Xiao, A. K. Y. Jen, S. Yang, Z. Zhu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 32, 2205870.
- 30M. An, Z. Xing, B. Wu, F. Xie, S. Zheng, L. Deng, X. Wang, B. Chen, D. Yun, S. Xie, R. Huang, L. Zheng, Rare Met. 2021, 40, 1691–1697.
- 31Y. Jiang, J. Wang, H. Zai, D. Ni, J. Wang, P. Xue, N. Li, B. Jia, H. Lu, Y. Zhang, F. Wang, Z. Guo, Z. Bi, H. Xie, Q. Wang, W. Ma, Y. Tu, H. Zhou, X. Zhan, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144, 5400–5410.
- 32B. Li, J. Zhen, Y. Wan, X. Lei, L. Jia, X. Wu, H. Zeng, M. Chen, G. Wang, S. Yang, J. Mater. Chem. A 2020, 8, 3872–3881.
- 33X. Jiang, B. Liu, X. Wu, S. Zhang, D. Zhang, X. Wang, S. Gao, Z. Huang, H. Wang, B. Li, Z. Xiao, T. Chen, A. K.-Y. Jen, S. Xiao, S. Yang, Z. Zhu, Adv. Mater. 2024, 36, 2313524.
- 34J. Wang, R. Zhang, H. Xu, Y. Chen, H. Zhang, N.-G. Park, ACS Energy Lett. 2022, 7, 1577–1585.
- 35J. Zhou, M. Li, S. Wang, L. Tan, Y. Liu, C. Jiang, X. Zhao, L. Ding, C. Yi, Nano Energy 2022, 95, 107036.
- 36Q. Cao, T. Wang, J. Yang, Y. Zhang, Y. Li, X. Pu, J. Zhao, H. Chen, X. Li, I. Tojiboyev, J. Chen, L. Etgar, X. Li, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 32, 2201036.
- 37X. Jiang, X. Wang, X. Wu, S. Zhang, B. Liu, D. Zhang, B. Li, P. Xiao, F. Xu, H. Lu, T. Chen, A. K. Y. Jen, S. Yang, Z. Zhu, Adv. Energy Mater. 2023, 13, 2300700.
- 38T. Nie, Z. Fang, T. Yang, K. Zhao, J. Ding, S. Liu, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2024, 63, e202400205; Angew. Chem. 2024, 136, e202400205.
- 39J. Xue, R. Wang, K. Wang, Z. Wang, I. Yavuz, Y. Wang, Y. Yang, X. Gao, T. Huang, S. Nuryyeva, J. Lee, Y. Duan, L. Liao, R. Kaner, Y. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 13948–13953.
- 40M. Zhang, W. Zhou, W. Hu, B. Li, Q. Qiao, S. Yang, ACS Appl. Mater. 2020, 12, 12696–12705.
- 41D. Ma, W. Li, X. Chen, Z. Yang, J. Zhao, Z. Yang, Y. Zhang, Z. Chi, Small 2021, 17, 2100678.
- 42X. Yu, Y. Lv, B. Xue, L. Wang, W. Hu, X. Liu, S. Yang, W. Zhang, Nano Energy 2022, 93, 106856.
- 43G. Xu, R. Xue, W. Chen, J. Zhang, M. Zhang, H. Chen, C. Cui, H. Li, Y. Li, Y. Li, Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8, 1703054.
- 44L. Jia, F. Huang, H. Ding, C. Niu, Y. Shang, W. Hu, X. Li, X. Yu, X. Jiang, R. Cao, J. Zhu, G. Wang, M. Chen, S. Yang, Nano Today 2021, 39, 101164.
- 45Z. Liang, H. Xu, Y. Zhang, G. Liu, S. Chu, Y. Tao, X. Xu, S. Xu, L. Zhang, X. Chen, B. Xu, Z. Xiao, X. Pan, J. Ye, Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2110241.
- 46Z. Liu, H. Li, Z. Chu, R. Xia, J. Wen, Y. Mo, H. Zhu, H. Luo, X. Zheng, Z. Huang, X. Luo, B. Wang, X. Zhang, G. Yang, Z. Feng, Y. Chen, W. Kong, J. Gao, H. Tan, Adv. Mater. 2023, 36, 2308370.
- 47Z. Zheng, F. Li, J. Gong, Y. Ma, J. Gu, X. Liu, S. Chen, M. Liu, Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2109879.
- 48D. T. Liu, D. Y. Luo, A. N. Iqbal, K. W. P. Orr, T. A. S. Doherty, Z. H. Lu, S. D. Stranks, W. Zhang, Nat. Mater. 2021, 20, 1337–1346.
- 49H. Chen, A. Maxwell, C. Li, S. Teale, B. Chen, T. Zhu, E. Ugur, G. Harrison, L. Grater, J. Wang, Z. Wang, L. Zeng, S. Park, L. Chen, P. Serles, R. Awni, B. Subedi, X. Zheng, C. Xiao, N. Podraza, T. Filleter, C. Liu, Y. Yang, J. Luther, S. Wolf, M. Kanatzidis, Y. Yan, E. H. Sargent, Nature 2023, 613, 676–681.
- 50J. Warby, F. Zu, S. Zeiske, E. Gutierrez-Partida, L. Frohloff, S. Kahmann, K. Frohna, E. Mosconi, E. Radicchi, F. Lang, S. Shah, F. Peña-Camargo, H. Hempel, T. Unold, N. Koch, A. Armin, F. Angelis, S. Stranks, D. Neher, M. Stolterfoht, Adv. Energy Mater. 2022, 12, 2103567.
- 51Y. Shang, X. Li, W. Lian, X. Jiang, X. Wang, T. Chen, Z. Xiao, M. Wang, Y. Lu, S. Yang, Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 457, 141246.
- 52N. Yan, Y. Gao, J. Yang, Z. Fang, J. Feng, X. Wu, T. Chen, S. Liu, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2023, 62, e202216668; Angew. Chem. 2023, 135, e202216668.
- 53N. Yan, X. Ren, Z. Fang, X. Jiang, Z. Xu, L. Zhang, S. Ren, L. Jia, J. Zhang, Y. Du, D. Zhao, K. Zhao, S. Yang, S. Liu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 32, 2201384.
- 54Q. Zhou, D. He, Q. Zhuang, B. Liu, R. Li, H. Li, Z. Zhang, H. Yang, P. Zhao, Y. He, Z. Zang, J. Chen, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 32, 2205507.
- 55W. Hu, Z. Wen, X. Yu, P. Qian, W. Lian, X. Li, Y. Shang, X. Wu, T. Chen, Y. Lu, M. Wang, S. Yang, Adv. Sci. 2021, 8, 2004662.