Communication

Identifying the Crystalline Orientation of Black Phosphorus Using Angle-Resolved Polarized Raman Spectroscopy^†

Juanxia Wu

Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 (P.R. China)

Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 (P.R. China)

These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Nannan Mao,

Nannan Mao

These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Prof. Liming Xie,

Prof. Liming Xie

CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190 (P.R. China)

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Prof. Hua Xu,

Corresponding Author

Prof. Hua Xu

[email protected]

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062 (P.R. China)

Hua Xu, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062 (P.R. China)

Jin Zhang, Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 (P.R. China)

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Prof. Jin Zhang,

Corresponding Author

Prof. Jin Zhang

[email protected]

Hua Xu, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062 (P.R. China)

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Juanxia Wu,

Juanxia Wu

Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 (P.R. China)

These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Nannan Mao,

Nannan Mao

These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Prof. Liming Xie,

Prof. Liming Xie

CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190 (P.R. China)

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Prof. Hua Xu,

Corresponding Author

Prof. Hua Xu

[email protected]

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062 (P.R. China)

Hua Xu, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062 (P.R. China)

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Prof. Jin Zhang,

Corresponding Author

Prof. Jin Zhang

[email protected]

Hua Xu, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062 (P.R. China)

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First published: 21 January 2015

https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201410108

Citations: 315

^†

This work was supported by the NSFC (21233001, 21129001, 51272006, 51121091, and 51432002), MOST (2011YQ0301240201 and 2011CB932601), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2013M530468).

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Graphical Abstract

A compass to precisely identify the zigzag and armchair directions of black phosporus (BP) sheets is provided by angle-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy. The Raman modes of BP show periodic variation (90° or 180°) with the sample rotation angle. Under parallel polarization, the A_g² mode intensity achieves the larger (or smaller) local maximum when the armchair (or zigzag) direction is along the polarization direction of scattered light.

Abstract

An optical anisotropic nature of black phosphorus (BP) is revealed by angle-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy (ARPRS), and for the first time, an all-optical method was realized to identify the crystal orientation of BP sheets, that is, the zigzag and armchair directions. We found that Raman intensities of A_g¹, B_2g, and A_g² modes of BP not only depend on the polarization angle α, but also relate to the sample rotation angle θ. Furthermore, their intensities reach the local maximum or minimum values when the crystalline orientation is along with the polarization direction of scattered light (e_s). Combining with the angle-resolved conductance, it is confirmed that A_g² mode intensity achieves a relative larger (or smaller) local maximum under parallel polarization configuration when armchair (or zigzag) direction is parallel to e_s. Therefore, ARPRS can be used as a rapid, precise, and nondestructive method to identify the crystalline orientation of BP layers.

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Volume54, Issue8

February 16, 2015

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Identifying the Crystalline Orientation of Black Phosphorus Using Angle-Resolved Polarized Raman Spectroscopy^†

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Identifying the Crystalline Orientation of Black Phosphorus Using Angle-Resolved Polarized Raman Spectroscopy†

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Identifying the Crystalline Orientation of Black Phosphorus Using Angle-Resolved Polarized Raman Spectroscopy^†