Essay
“We Create Chemistry for a Sustainable Future”: Chemistry Creates Sustainable Solutions for a Growing World Population†
Dr. Andreas Kreimeyer,
Dr. Peter Eckes,
Dr. Christian Fischer, Dr. Harald Lauke, Dr. Peter Schuhmacher,
Corresponding Author
Dr. Andreas Kreimeyer
Research Executive Director, BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen (Germany)
Research Executive Director, BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen (Germany)Search for more papers by this authorDr. Peter Eckes
BASF Plant Science LP, 27709 Research Triangle Park (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Andreas Kreimeyer,
Dr. Peter Eckes,
Dr. Christian Fischer, Dr. Harald Lauke, Dr. Peter Schuhmacher,
Corresponding Author
Dr. Andreas Kreimeyer
Research Executive Director, BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen (Germany)
Research Executive Director, BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen (Germany)Search for more papers by this authorDr. Peter Eckes
BASF Plant Science LP, 27709 Research Triangle Park (USA)
Search for more papers by this author†
We would like to thank all our researchers who have created the basis for this Essay over the last 150 years. We also thank those colleagues who contributed to the preparation of the manuscript, among them Florian Dötz, Anja Feldmann, Manuela Gaab, Regina Klein, Michael Limbach, Richard Trethewey, and Matthias Witschel.
Graphical Abstract
On April 6, 1865, Friedrich Engelhorn founded the company “Badische Anilin- & Sodafabrik” in Mannheim, Germany. This Essay, commemorating the 150th anniversary of BASF, introduces several outstanding examples of innovation from the history of BASF and highlights how chemical and technical competencies developed in the past still play an essential role in current projects.
References
- 1BASF: Stationen ihrer Geschichte 1865–2010, BASF SE Corporate History, Ludwigshafen, 2010.
- 2BASF Bericht 2013, BASF SE Communications & Government Relations, Ludwigshafen, see: http://www.basf.com/bericht.
- 3We create chemistry. Our corporate strategy, BASF SE Communications & Government Relations, Ludwigshafen, see: http://www.basf.com/group/corporate/en/about-basf/strategy.
- 4United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision, see: http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_highlights.pdf.
- 5WWF, Living Planet Report 2012, see: http://www.wwf.de/publikationen/?q=WWF+living+report+2012.
- 6G. Conway, K. Wilson, One Billion Hungry: Can We Feed the World?, Cornstock Pub. Associates, Ithaca, New York, 2012.
10.7591/9780801466083 Google Scholar
- 7Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World agriculture towards 2030/2050: The 2012 Revision, see: http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0607e/a0607e00.htm.
- 8International Energy Agency, New Policies Scenario, see: http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/resources/energydevelopment/energyaccessprojectionsto2030.
- 9United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision, see: http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup.
- 10United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2009 Revision Population Database, see: http://esa.un.org/wup2009/unup/index.asp?panel=2.
- 11A. Kreimeyer, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 147–154; Angew. Chem. 2013, 125, 158–165.
- 12H.-J. Quadbeck-Seeger, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1990, 29, 1177–1188; Angew. Chem. 1990, 102, 1213–1224.
- 13A. Bernthsen, Angew. Chem. 1911, 24, 1059–1064.
10.1002/ange.19110242303 Google Scholar
- 14F. Haber, R. Le Rossignol, Z. Elektrochem. 1913, 19, 53–72.
- 15
- 15aA. Mittasch, W. Frankenberger, Z. Elektrochem. 1929, 35, 920–927;
- 15bA. Mittasch, Chem. Ing. Tech. 1949, 21, 449–452;
- 15cJ. Soentgen, Chem. Unserer Zeit 2014, 48, 72–75.
- 16F. Störi, Der Stoff, aus dem die Schäume sind, Schriftenreihe des Unternehmenarchivs der BASF Aktiengesellschaft.
- 17P. A. Zimmermann, Magnetbänder, Magnetpulver, Elektroden – neue Mittel der Kommunikation, Schriftenreihe des Firmenarchivs der Badischen Anilin- & Soda-Fabrik AG, 1969.
- 18H. Sauter, W. Steglich, T. Anke, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 1328–1349;
10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19990517)38:10<1328::AID-ANIE1328>3.0.CO;2-1 PubMed Web of Science® Google ScholarAngew. Chem. 1999, 111, 1416–1438.10.1002/(SICI)1521-3757(19990517)111:10<1416::AID-ANGE1416>3.0.CO;2-O Web of Science® Google Scholar
- 19P. McDougall, Agri Services, Product Section 2012, 253–260.
- 20E. Ammermann, G. Lorenz, K. Schelberger, B. Mueller, R. Kirstgen, H. Sauter, BCPC Conf.–Pests Dis. 2000, 2, 541–548.
- 21T. Jabs, J. Pfirrmann, S. Schafer, Y. X. Wu, A. von Tiedemann, BCPC Conf.–Pests Dis. 2002, 2, 941–946.
- 22MOE minimized structure of a S. tritici Bc1 homology model based on PDB 1SQB.
- 23J. Bruinsma, The resource outlook to 2050, Expert Meeting on How to Feed the World in 2050, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Economic and Social Development Department, 2009, see: ftp://ftp.fao.org/agl/aglw/docs/ResourceOutlookto2050.pdf.
- 24P. Pingali, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2012, 109, 12302–12308.
- 25BASF, Zusammen Gewachsen – 100 Jahre Agrarzentrum Limburgerhof, Eigenverlag, Limburgerhof, 2014.
- 26H. Pütter, H. Hannebaum in New Directions in Organic Electrochemistry (Eds.: ), The Electrochemical Society Inc., 2000, p. 25–28.
- 27V. Maywald, S. P. Smidt, K. Wissel-Stoll, J. Schmidt-Leithoff, A. G. Altenhoff, M. Keil (BASF), WO 2009156359, 2009.
- 28
- 28aC. Bauch, S. N. Kolle, T. Ramirez, T. Eltze, E. Fabian, A. Mehling, W. Teubner, B. van Ravenzwaay, R. Landsiedel, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2012, 63, 489–504;
- 28bH. G. Kamp, D. Ahlbory-Dieker, E. Fabian, M. Herold, G. Krennrich, E. Leibold, R. Looser, W. Mellert, A. Prokoudine, V. Strauss, T. Walk, J. Wiemer, B. van Ravenzwaay in Modern Methods in Crop Protection Research (Eds.: ), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2012, pp. 335–349.
- 29A. Wissemeier, P. Deck, O. Huttenloch, M. Mauss, G. Pasda, R.-T. Rahn, W. Weigelt, W. Zerulla (BASF), EP 1820788, 2007.
- 30C. James, International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications, Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops, ISAAA, Ithaca, New York 2013.
- 31P. Castiglioni, D. Warner, R. J. Bensen, D. C. Anstrom, J. Harrison, M. Stoecker, M. Abad, G. Kumar, S. Salvador, R. D’Ordine, S. Navarro, S. Back, M. Fernandes, J. Targolli, S. Dasgupta, C. Bonin, M. H. Luethy, J. E. Heard, Plant Physiol. 2008, 147, 446–455.
- 32R. N. Trethewey, A. J. Krotzky in The Handbook of Metabonomics and Metabolomics (Eds.: ), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2006, pp. 443–488.
- 33G. Wegner, G. Kaibel, J. Therre, W. Aquila, H. Fuchs (BASF), WO 2008037693, 2008.
- 34H. Ernst, Pure Appl. Chem. 2002, 74, 2213–2226.
- 35M. Budde, M. Breuer, C. Petigny, Actual. Chim. 2013, 375–376, 37–41.
- 36Unpublished results by BASF researchers.
- 37D. Swanson, R. Block, S. A. Mousa, Adv. Nutr. 2012, 3, 1–7.
- 38
- 38aS. S. Zhang, J. Power Sources 2013, 231, 153–162;
- 38bD. Aurbach, E. Pollak, R. Elazari, G. Salitra, C. S. Kelley, J. Affinito, J. Electrochem. Soc. 2009, 156, A 694–A702;
- 38cJ. Kulisch, H. Sommer, T. Brezesinski, J. Janek, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2014, 16, 18765–18771.
- 39Z. Tu, Y. Kambe, Y. Lu, L. A. Archer, Adv. Energy Mater. 2014, 4, 1300654.
- 40Y.-X. Yin, S. Xin, Y.-G. Guo, L.-J. Wan, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 13186–13200; Angew. Chem. 2013, 125, 13426–13441.
- 41
- 41aM. Armand, J.-M. Tarascon, Nature 2008, 451, 652–657;
- 41bY. Mikhaylik, I. Kovalev, R. Schock, K. Kumaresan, J. Xu, J. Affinito, ECS Trans. 2010, 25, 23–34.
- 42
- 42aX. Ji, K. T. Lee, L. F. Nazar, Nat. Mater. 2009, 8, 500–506;
- 42bX. Ji, L. F. Nazar, J. Mater. Chem. 2010, 20, 9821–9826.
- 43Energy Savings Potential and R&D Opportunities for Non-Vapor-Compression HVAC Technologies, US Department of Energy, March 2014, see: http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/03/f12/Non-Vapor%20Compression%20HVAC%20Report.pdf.
- 44E. Warburg, Ann. Phys. 1881, 249, 141–164.
10.1002/andp.18812490510 Google Scholar
- 45V. K. Pecharsky, K. A. Gschneidner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 1997, 78, 4494–4497.
- 46O. Tegus, E. Brück, K. H. J. Buschow, F. R. de Boer, Nature 2002, 415, 150–152.
- 47V. Basso, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 2011, 23, 226004.
- 48A. Rowe, Int. J. Refrig. 2011, 34, 178–191.
- 49
- 49aJ. H. Teles, A. Rehfinger, A. Berg, P. Rudolf, N. Rieber, P. Bassler (BASF), WO 2002062779, 2002;
- 49bP. Bassler, W. Harder, P. Resch, N. Rieber, W. Ruppel, J. H. Teles, A. Walch, A. Wenzel, P. Zehner (BASF), US 6479680, 2002;
- 49cH. Schultz, P. Schultz, R. Patrascu, M. Schultz, M. Weidenbach (BASF), EP 1778659, 2008;
- 49dH.-G. Goebbel, H. Schultz, P. Schultz, R. Patrascu, M. Schultz, M. Weidenbach (BASF), US 20070238888, 2007;
- 49eR. Patrascu, S. Astori, M. Weidenbach (BASF), WO 2004083196, 2004.
- 50
- 50aF. Cavani, J. H. Teles, ChemSusChem 2009, 2, 508–534;
- 50bP. Bassler, H.-G. Göbbel, M. Weidenbach, Chem. Eng. Trans. 2010, 21, 571–576.
- 51D. Kahlich, U. Wiechern, J. Lindner, Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2012.
- 52J. K. F. Buijink, J.-P. Lange, A. N. R. Bos, A. D. Horton, F. G. M. Niele in Mechanisms in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Epoxidation Catalysis (Ed.: ), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2008, pp. 355–371.
10.1016/B978-0-444-53188-9.00013-4 Google Scholar
- 53B. Yilmaz, U. Müller, Top. Catal. 2009, 52, 888–895.
- 54P. F. Henry, M. T. Weller, C. C. Wilson, J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 7452–7458.
- 55
- 55aM. Taramasso, G. Perego, B. Notari (Snamprogetti S. p. A.), US 4,410,501, 1983;
- 55bC. Neri, B. Anfossi, A. Esposito, F. Buonomo (EniChem), EP 100119, 1986;
- 55cG. Paparatto, A. Forlin, P. Tegon (Dow), EP 1072599, 2004;
- 55dM. G. Clerici, P. Ingallina (EniChem), US 5221795, 1993.
- 56Awards for the HPPO process: IChemE Award 2009, Kirkpatrick Award 2009, Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Award 2010, BASF Innovation Award 2011.
- 57United Nations, World Water Development Report 2014, see: http://www.unwater.org/publications/publications-detail/en/c/218614/.
- 58M. A. Shannon, P. W. Bohn, M. Elimelech, J. G. Georgiadis, B. J. Marinas, A. M. Mayes, Nature 2008, 452, 301–310.
- 59G. R. Guillen, G. Z. Ramon, H. Pirouz Kavehpour, R. B. Kaner, E. M. V. Hoek, J. Membr. Sci. 2013, 431, 212–220.
- 60
- 60aM. Radjabian, J. Koll, K. Buhr, U. Vainio, C. Abetz, U. A. Handge, V. Abetz, Polymer 2014, 55, 2986–2997;
- 60bW. A. Philipp, B. O’Neil, M. Rodwogin, M. A. Hillmyer, E. L. Cussler, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2010, 2, 847–853.
- 61F. Fischer, S. Bauer, Chem. Unserer Zeit 2009, 43, 376–383.
- 62
- 62aS. Frost, M. Ulbricht, J. Membr. Sci. 2013, 448, 1–11;
- 62bD. Menne, F. Pitsch, J. E. Wong, A. Pich, M. Wessling, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 5706–5710; Angew. Chem. 2014, 126, 5814–5818.
- 63
- 63aA. Göthlich, S. Koltzenburg, G. Schornick, Chem. Unserer Zeit 2005, 39, 262–273;
- 63bN. Nestle, M. Kutschera, L. Nicoleau, M. Leitl, M. Bräu, Phys. Unserer Zeit 2009, 40, 203–209;
- 63cK. van Vliet, R. Pellenq, M. J. Buehler, J. C. Grossman, H. Jennings, F.-J. Ulm, S. Yip, MRS Bull. 2012, 37, 395–402;
- 63dE. Gartner, Cem. Concr. Res. 2004, 34, 1489–1498;
- 63eIMF, World Economic Outlook, April 2013, see: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/01/weodata/index.aspx.
- 64J. Rieger, M. Kellermeier, L. Nicoleau, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 12380–12396; Angew. Chem. 2014, 126, 12586–12603.
- 65L. Nicoleau, T. Gädt, L. Chitu, G. Maier, O. Paris, Soft Matter 2013, 9, 4864–4874.
- 66
- 66aJ. Rieger, E. Hädicke, I. U. Rau, D. Boeckh, Tenside Surfactants Deterg. 1997, 34, 430–435;
- 66bJ. Detering, W. Bertleff, M. Essig, A. Kistenmacher, Tenside Surfactants Deterg. 1999, 36, 399–408.
- 67M. Fricke, M. Elbing (BASF), WO 2012059388, 2012.
- 68LMC Automotive Studie, 2012.
- 69
- 69aEuropean Environmental Agency, Monitoring CO2 emissions from new passenger cars in the EU: summary of data for 2013, see: http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/monitoring-co2-emissions-from-new-1;
- 69bEuropean Commission, Climate Action, Verordnung (EU) Nr. 333/2014, see: http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/transport/vehicles/cars/documentation_en.htm.
- 70Automotive News, Top Suppliers 2013, June 16, 2014.
- 71H. Ernst, N. Omland, World Patent Information 33, Elsevier Ltd, Lidlington, 2011, pp. 34–41.
- 72R. H. Coase, Economica New Series 1937, 4, 386–405.
Citing Literature
