Nanoarrays of Single Virus Particles†
Rafael A. Vega
Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA, Fax: (+1) 847-467-5123
Search for more papers by this authorDaniel Maspoch Dr.
Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA, Fax: (+1) 847-467-5123
Search for more papers by this authorKhalid Salaita
Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA, Fax: (+1) 847-467-5123
Search for more papers by this authorChad A. Mirkin Prof.
Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA, Fax: (+1) 847-467-5123
Search for more papers by this authorRafael A. Vega
Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA, Fax: (+1) 847-467-5123
Search for more papers by this authorDaniel Maspoch Dr.
Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA, Fax: (+1) 847-467-5123
Search for more papers by this authorKhalid Salaita
Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA, Fax: (+1) 847-467-5123
Search for more papers by this authorChad A. Mirkin Prof.
Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA, Fax: (+1) 847-467-5123
Search for more papers by this authorC.A.M. acknowledges the AFOSR, ARO, DARPA, NIH, and NSF for support of this work. R.A.V. thanks the NIH for predoctoral support, and D.M. is grateful to the Generalitat de Catalunya for a postdoctoral grant.
Graphical Abstract
A mosaic pattern: Single virus particle nanoarrays can be made through the positioning and orientation of viral particles on nanotemplate surfaces generated by dip-pen nanolithography. Viral immobilization was characterized with antibody–virus recognition and infrared spectroscopy (an example array of particles is shown in the AFM image).
Supporting Information
Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z501978_s.pdf or from the author.
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
References
- 1U. R. Miller,D. V. Nicolau, Microarray Technology and Its Applications, Springer, New York, 2005.
10.1007/b137842 Google Scholar
- 2K. Lindroos, S. Sigurdsson, K. Johansson, L. Ronnblom, A. C. Syvanen, Nucleic Acid Res. 2002, 30, e 70–e78.
- 3M. Schena, D. Shalon, R. W. Davis, P. O. Brown, Science 1995, 270, 467–470.
- 4R. A. Heller, M. Schena, A. Chai, D. Shalon, T. Bedilion, J. Gilmore, D. E. Woolley, R. W. Davis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1997, 94, 2150–2155.
- 5G. MacBeath, S. L. Schreiber, Science 2000, 289, 1760–1763.
- 6
- 6aD. S. Ginger, H. Zhang, C. A. Mirkin, Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 30–46;
10.1002/ange.200300608 Google ScholarAngew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 30–45;
- 6bR. D. Piner, J. Zhu, F. Xu, S. Hong, C. A. Mirkin, Science 1999, 283, 661–663.
- 7For an example of DNA nanoarrays, see: L. M. Demers, D. S. Ginger, S.-J. Park, Z. Li, S.-W. Chung, C. A. Mirkin, Science 2002, 296, 1836–1838.
- 8For an example of protein nanoarrays, see:
- 8aK.-B. Lee, S.-J. Park, C. A. Mirkin, J. C. Smith, M. Mrksich, Science 2002, 295, 1702–1705;
- 8bK.-B. Lee, J.-H. Lim, C. A. Mirkin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 5588–5589;
- 8cJ.-H. Lim, D. Ginger, K.-B. Lee, J. Heo, J.-M. Nam, C. A. Mirkin, Angew. Chem. 2003, 115, 2411–2414; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 2309–2312.
- 9For an example of peptide nanoarrays, see: J. Hyun, W. K. Lee, N. Nath, A. Chilkoti, S. Zauscher, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 7330–7335.
- 10
- 10aT. M. A. Wilson, R. N. Perham, Virology 1985, 140, 21–27;
- 10bL. King, R. Leberman, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1973, 322, 279–293.
- 11C. L. Cheung, J. A. Carnarero, B. W. Woods, T. Lin, J. E. Johnson, J. J. Yorero, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 6848–6849.
- 12J. C. Smith, K.-B. Lee, Q. Wang, M. G. Finn, J. E. Johnson, M. Mrksich, C. A. Mirkin, Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 883–886.
- 13
- 13aM. Knez, M. P. Sumser, A. M. Bittner, C. Wege, H. Jeske, D. M. P. Hoffmann, D. M. P. Kuhnke, K. Kern, Langmuir 2004, 20, 441–447;
- 13bH. Maeda, Langmuir 1997, 13, 4150–4161, and references therein.
- 14M. Guthold, M. Falvo, W. G. Matthews, S. Paulson, J. Mullin, S. Lord, D. Erie, S. Washburn, R. Superfine, F. P. Brooks Jr.,R. M. Taylor II, J. Mol. Graphics Modell. 1999, 17, 187–197.
- 15B. L. Frey, R. M. Corn, Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 3187–3193.
- 16R. D. B. Fraser, Nature 1952, 170, 491.
- 17Antibody arrays were generated by first using DPN to pattern rectangular lines of MHA with feature dimensions of 350×110 nm2. The area around these features was passivated with PEG-SH for 30 min, followed by copious rinsing with ethanol to inhibit nonspecific binding. Finally, the antiserum against TMV was incubated with the MHA-passivated substrate at 4 °C for 24 h. For more details, see reference [8].
- 18
- 18aA. Nedoluzhko, T. Douglas, J. Inorg. Biochem. 2001, 84, 233–240;
- 18bG. Basu, M. Allen, D. Willits, M. Young, T. Douglas, J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 2003, 8, 721–725.
- 19
- 19aW. Shenton, T. Douglas, M. Young, G. Stubbs, S. Mann, Adv. Mater. 1999, 11, 253–256;
- 19bE. Dujardin, C. Peet, G. Stubbs, J. M. Culver, S. Mann, Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 413–417;
- 19cM. Knez, A. M. Bittner, F. Boes, C. Wege, H. Jeske, E. Mai, K. Kern, Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 1079–1082.