Merocyanine Dyes in the Cyanine Limit: A New Class of Chromophores for Photorefractive Materials†
Corresponding Author
Dr. Frank Würthner
Abteilung Organische Chemie II der Universität, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm (Germany), Fax: Int. code + (731) 502-2840, e-mail: [email protected]
Frank Würthner, Abteilung Organische Chemie II der Universität Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm (Germany), Fax: Int. code +(731)502-2840, e-mail: [email protected]
Rüdiger Wortmann, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Jakob Welder-Weg 11, D-55099 Mainz (Germany), Fax: Int. code +(6131) 39-2980, e-mail: [email protected]
Klaus Meerholz, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Sophienstrasse 11, D-80333 München (Germany), Fax: Int. code +(89) 590-2290, e-mail: kmeerhol@olymp. phys.chemie.uni-muenchen.de
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Priv.-Doz. Dr. Rüdiger Wortmann
Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität, Jakob Welder-Weg 11, D-55099 Mainz (Germany), Fax: Int. code + (6131) 39-2980, e-mail: [email protected]
Frank Würthner, Abteilung Organische Chemie II der Universität Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm (Germany), Fax: Int. code +(731)502-2840, e-mail: [email protected]
Rüdiger Wortmann, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Jakob Welder-Weg 11, D-55099 Mainz (Germany), Fax: Int. code +(6131) 39-2980, e-mail: [email protected]
Klaus Meerholz, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Sophienstrasse 11, D-80333 München (Germany), Fax: Int. code +(89) 590-2290, e-mail: kmeerhol@olymp. phys.chemie.uni-muenchen.de
Search for more papers by this authorDipl.-Phys. Ralf Matschiner
Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität, Jakob Welder-Weg 11, D-55099 Mainz (Germany), Fax: Int. code + (6131) 39-2980, e-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorDipl.-Chem. Katarzyna Lukaszuk
Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität, Jakob Welder-Weg 11, D-55099 Mainz (Germany), Fax: Int. code + (6131) 39-2980, e-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Dr. Klaus Meerholz
Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität, Sophienstrasse 11, D-80333 München (Germany), Fax: Int. code + (89) 590-2290, e-mail: kmeerhol@olymp. phys.chemie.uni-muenchen.de
Frank Würthner, Abteilung Organische Chemie II der Universität Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm (Germany), Fax: Int. code +(731)502-2840, e-mail: [email protected]
Rüdiger Wortmann, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Jakob Welder-Weg 11, D-55099 Mainz (Germany), Fax: Int. code +(6131) 39-2980, e-mail: [email protected]
Klaus Meerholz, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Sophienstrasse 11, D-80333 München (Germany), Fax: Int. code +(89) 590-2290, e-mail: kmeerhol@olymp. phys.chemie.uni-muenchen.de
Search for more papers by this authorDipl.-Chem. Yessika DeNardin
Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität, Sophienstrasse 11, D-80333 München (Germany), Fax: Int. code + (89) 590-2290, e-mail: kmeerhol@olymp. phys.chemie.uni-muenchen.de
Search for more papers by this authorDipl.-Chem. Reinhard Bittner
Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität, Sophienstrasse 11, D-80333 München (Germany), Fax: Int. code + (89) 590-2290, e-mail: kmeerhol@olymp. phys.chemie.uni-muenchen.de
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. Christoph Bräuchle
Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität, Sophienstrasse 11, D-80333 München (Germany), Fax: Int. code + (89) 590-2290, e-mail: kmeerhol@olymp. phys.chemie.uni-muenchen.de
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Rüdiger Sens
BASF, Farbenlaboratorium ZDT/N-C13, Ludwigshafen (Germany)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Dr. Frank Würthner
Abteilung Organische Chemie II der Universität, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm (Germany), Fax: Int. code + (731) 502-2840, e-mail: [email protected]
Frank Würthner, Abteilung Organische Chemie II der Universität Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm (Germany), Fax: Int. code +(731)502-2840, e-mail: [email protected]
Rüdiger Wortmann, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Jakob Welder-Weg 11, D-55099 Mainz (Germany), Fax: Int. code +(6131) 39-2980, e-mail: [email protected]
Klaus Meerholz, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Sophienstrasse 11, D-80333 München (Germany), Fax: Int. code +(89) 590-2290, e-mail: kmeerhol@olymp. phys.chemie.uni-muenchen.de
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Priv.-Doz. Dr. Rüdiger Wortmann
Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität, Jakob Welder-Weg 11, D-55099 Mainz (Germany), Fax: Int. code + (6131) 39-2980, e-mail: [email protected]
Frank Würthner, Abteilung Organische Chemie II der Universität Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm (Germany), Fax: Int. code +(731)502-2840, e-mail: [email protected]
Rüdiger Wortmann, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Jakob Welder-Weg 11, D-55099 Mainz (Germany), Fax: Int. code +(6131) 39-2980, e-mail: [email protected]
Klaus Meerholz, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Sophienstrasse 11, D-80333 München (Germany), Fax: Int. code +(89) 590-2290, e-mail: kmeerhol@olymp. phys.chemie.uni-muenchen.de
Search for more papers by this authorDipl.-Phys. Ralf Matschiner
Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität, Jakob Welder-Weg 11, D-55099 Mainz (Germany), Fax: Int. code + (6131) 39-2980, e-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorDipl.-Chem. Katarzyna Lukaszuk
Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität, Jakob Welder-Weg 11, D-55099 Mainz (Germany), Fax: Int. code + (6131) 39-2980, e-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Dr. Klaus Meerholz
Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität, Sophienstrasse 11, D-80333 München (Germany), Fax: Int. code + (89) 590-2290, e-mail: kmeerhol@olymp. phys.chemie.uni-muenchen.de
Frank Würthner, Abteilung Organische Chemie II der Universität Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm (Germany), Fax: Int. code +(731)502-2840, e-mail: [email protected]
Rüdiger Wortmann, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Jakob Welder-Weg 11, D-55099 Mainz (Germany), Fax: Int. code +(6131) 39-2980, e-mail: [email protected]
Klaus Meerholz, Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Sophienstrasse 11, D-80333 München (Germany), Fax: Int. code +(89) 590-2290, e-mail: kmeerhol@olymp. phys.chemie.uni-muenchen.de
Search for more papers by this authorDipl.-Chem. Yessika DeNardin
Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität, Sophienstrasse 11, D-80333 München (Germany), Fax: Int. code + (89) 590-2290, e-mail: kmeerhol@olymp. phys.chemie.uni-muenchen.de
Search for more papers by this authorDipl.-Chem. Reinhard Bittner
Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität, Sophienstrasse 11, D-80333 München (Germany), Fax: Int. code + (89) 590-2290, e-mail: kmeerhol@olymp. phys.chemie.uni-muenchen.de
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. Christoph Bräuchle
Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität, Sophienstrasse 11, D-80333 München (Germany), Fax: Int. code + (89) 590-2290, e-mail: kmeerhol@olymp. phys.chemie.uni-muenchen.de
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Rüdiger Sens
BASF, Farbenlaboratorium ZDT/N-C13, Ludwigshafen (Germany)
Search for more papers by this authorThis work was supported by BASF, the Volkswagen-Stiftung, and the German – Israeli Foundation. F.W. thanks the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie and the BMBF for a Liebig grant for “new materials”. Y.D.N. thanks the Fondiatione “Ing. A. Gini” for a fellowship.
Graphical Abstract
By tuning the donor–acceptor strength in heterocyclic methine dyes such as 1, the cyanine limit was accessible. Despite almost vanishing second-order polarizabilities (β) this new class of chromophores sets a new hallmark for photorefractive applications. With a dye content of only 20% complete diffraction of the readout beam is achieved at a wave-length of 790 nm and a field strength of 68 V μm−1.
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