Acacia dealbata
Erstpublikation als Teil der Loseblattausgabe: 15.6.2011
Abstract
Die in Europa irrtümlich auch als Mimose bezeichnete Silber-Akazie ist mit weiteren etwa 950 Acacia-Arten in Australien beheimatet. Dort besiedelt sie in den kühlbis warm-subhumiden Klimaregionen im Südosten des Landes in einem weiten Standortsrahmen hauptsächlich Bergregionen bis etwa 1.000 m ü. NN. Als Pionierbaumart vergesellschaftet sie vorzugsweise mit anderen lichtbedürftigen Arten und ist großflächig im Mitteloder Unterstand unter hochwüchsigen Eukalypten anzutreffen. In Abhängigkeit von den standörtlichen Gegebenheiten kann sich Acacia dealbata zum Strauch oder Baum bis zu Höhen um 28 m und Durchmessern (BHD) um 75 cm entwickeln. Charakteristisch sind die doppelt paarig gefiederten Blätter, die silbrig behaarten Fiederblättchen, die intensiv duftenden, leuchtend gelben, zu Trauben oder Rispen vereinigten Blütenköpfchen sowie die vielfach weißfleckige, bräunlich grau gefärbte Rinde. Das attraktive Erscheinungsbild der Silber-Akazie gab in zahlreichen Regionen außerhalb des natürlichen Verbreitungsgebietes Anlass zu deren Anpflanzung als Ziergehölz. Die häufig in Plantagen bewirtschaftete Art dient in südeuropäischen Ländern unter anderem zur Gewinnung von blühenden Zweigen und zur Parfumherstellung. Darüber hinaus wird sie als Lieferant von Tannin und Wundgummi geschätzt. Vielerorts ist der Neophyt dank seiner hohen Vermehrungs- und Wuchsdynamik jedoch stark verwildert und verdrängt zunehmend die heimische Flora, so dass Gegenmaßnahmen erforderlich sind.
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