Cyanide
First published: 30 January 2014
Erstpublikation als Teil der Loseblattausgabe: 19.12.2005
Abstract
Cyanide (griechisch kyaneos = stahlblau; lateinisch cyanus = Kornblume) sind die Salze des farblosen Cyanwasserstoffs (HCN). Diese ist eine schwache sehr flüchtige Säure, welche eine in jedem Verhältnis mit Wasser lösliche Verbindung (Blausäure) ist. Der Name Blausäure stammt von den intensive blau gefärbten komplexen Eisensalzen wie Berliner Blau. Vom HCN leiten sich eine Vielzahl von Salzen ab. Bei einem niedrigen pH-Wert des Bodens kann daraus vermehrt Cyanwasserstoff bzw. Blausäure gebildet werden. Die Gefahr für den Menschen besteht in der Interaktion des gebildeten HCN mit dem Hämoglobin. Es wird die Sauerstoffübertragung auf das Gewebe unterbunden. HCN ist ein Zwischenprodukt in der Chemischen Industrie. Auch werden Cyanide zur Extraktion von Silber und Gold verwendet. Die Giftigkeit von einfachen Cyaniden ist als sehr hoch einzuschätzen, komplexe Cyanide wie Eisen(II)cyanid hingegen besitzen ein geringeres Gefährdungspotenzial.
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