Chapter 19
The Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Malformations
Christopher Wren MBChB, PhD,
Christopher Wren MBChB, PhD
Senior Lecturer in Paediatric Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Search for more papers by this authorChristopher Wren MBChB, PhD,
Christopher Wren MBChB, PhD
Senior Lecturer in Paediatric Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Search for more papers by this authorBook Editor(s):James H. Moller MD,
Julien I. E. Hoffman MD, FRCP,
James H. Moller MD
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJulien I. E. Hoffman MD, FRCP
University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
This chapter contains sections titled:
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Introduction
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Definitions, inclusions, and exclusions
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Description of complex malformations
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Diagnostic hierarchy
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Measures of disease frequency
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Incidence or prevalence?
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Prevalence at live birth of cardiovascular malformations
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Causes of cardiovascular malformations
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Population prevalence of cardiovascular malformations
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Predicting and measuring surgical workload
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Cardiovascular malformations and mortality
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References
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