Chapter 3
Functionalization and Surface Modification of Nanomaterials for Electronic and Optoelectronic Device Applications
Bhasha Sathyan,
Jobin Cyriac,
Bhasha Sathyan
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
Search for more papers by this authorJobin Cyriac
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
Search for more papers by this authorBhasha Sathyan,
Jobin Cyriac,
Bhasha Sathyan
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
Search for more papers by this authorJobin Cyriac
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
Search for more papers by this authorBook Editor(s):Gopal Rawat,
Gautam Patel,
Kalim Deshmukh,
Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain,
Gopal Rawat
Chief Technology Officer
Bharatah Cryogenics Pvt. Ltd., Uttar Pradesh, India
Search for more papers by this authorGautam Patel
Dept. of Chemistry, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Search for more papers by this authorKalim Deshmukh
New Technologies Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
Search for more papers by this authorChaudhery Mustansar Hussain
Dept. of Chemistry & Environmental Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, United States
Search for more papers by this authorFirst published: 27 July 2025
Summary
Nanotechnology and nanomaterials are becoming increasingly important as major technologies. Nanomaterials possess manifold advantages, yet they are not exempt from certain limitations, prominently including surface reactivity and limited solubility in specific solvent environments. These characteristics may lead to undesired reactions with the substrate, host medium, or other species, thereby restricting their application in various scenarios. Surface engineering can alleviate these constraints via the chemical functionalization of the nanomaterials with specific chemical fragments. Functionalized nanomaterials stand as the smart materials of the future, and deep scientific visions guide their development. They have opened new possibilities in electronic and optoelectronic device applications, surpassing the capabilities of unmodified nanomaterials. This chapter delves into critical aspects of the chemical functionalization of nanomaterials to advance electronic and optoelectronic devices at the nanoscale. Functionalization enables the creation of specific active sites tailored to meet specific requirements, facilitating bandgap tuning and modulation of charge carrier concentration. Emphasis is placed on two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, as they have shown noteworthy outcomes when functionalized. The advantages of functionalization are explored in various applications, including sensors, light-emitting devices, photovoltaics, field-effect transistors, photodetectors, and photocatalysis, with examples. By overcoming surface limitations and enhancing solubility, functionalization plays a pivotal role in harnessing the full potential of nanomaterials for advanced device design and performance. This comprehensive discussion sheds light on the transformative impact of functionalized nanomaterials and highlights their role in shaping the future of nanotechnology. With ongoing research and innovation, functionalization promises to unlock new frontiers in electronic and optoelectronic technologies, enabling cutting-edge solutions for various applications.
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