Diatoms are photosynthetic unicellular microalgae, known as nature's bionanoreactors, that produce high-value products such as lipids, sterols, isoprenoids, and toxins with use in apoptotic, fertility-controlling, and cancer drugs. From species to genera, they contain several biosynthetic metabolites with varied levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, with applications in various pharmacological, food, and biofuel drug industries. The structural and spectroscopic profile of kerogen reveals that the organic compounds produced by the diatoms are more closely analogous to petroleum. It is known that crude oil or petroleum is derived from natural sources, such as decomposed organic matter produced by various organisms, and gets deposited as sediments in sedimentary basins from the geological past. Diatoms possess a uniform array of small pores on their surface made up of silica, known as frustules, that are applied for the oozing of diatom oil. Scientists are focusing on regenerative approaches for the production and clean harvesting of diatom oil to be used as an additive for natural oil under the scientific brand term Diafuel ^™ . It has attracted huge scientific interest toward understanding the machinery behind the production of such high-value-added products by diatoms and developing techniques to mimic nature's nanomachines.