Stereoscopic Displays
Anthony C. Lowe
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
The viewer of stereoscopic displays has to use eye glasses. The two views required for 3D vision are obtained either by placing both views into the area of the screen, a method called area division multiplex, or by presenting the views as a time sequential display, also called time division multiplex. This chapter discusses area division, followed by time division multiplex. It investigates an approach in which the two views consist of the left and the right half of the TV Screen. In most cases the viewer employs shutter glasses. Their switching has the same effect on luminance and crosstalk as the time sequential display itself. The chapter describes some solutions to these problems. The chapter focuses on three special solutions for stereoscopic displays. Stereoscopic projectors provide the two images required for 3D vision either with different polarizations in an area multiplex mode or in a time sequential mode.
Controlled Vocabulary Terms
optical elements; stereo image processing; three-dimensional displays; time division multiplexing
References
- Tsai, C.H. et al. (2008) The pursuit of high definition 3D display technology. SID 08, p. 456.
- Born, M. and Wolf, E. (1980) Principle of Optics, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
- Lueder, E. (2010) Liquid Crystal Displays – Addressing Schemes and Electro-Optical Effects, 2nd edn, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, pp. 21–23.
- Lee, C.T. et al. (2008) The improvement of in-cell microretarder for stereoscopic LCD fabrication. SID 08, p. 448.
- Wu, Y.J. et al. (2008) Stereoscopic 3D displays using patterned retarders. SID 08, p. 260.
- Kang, H. et al. (2010) A novel polarizer glasses-type 3D display with a patterned retarder. SID 10, p. 1.
- Oh, J.H. (2008) Stereoscopic TFT-LCD with wire grid polarizer and retarder. SID 08, p. 444.
- Oh, J.H. et al. (2007) High resolution stereoscopic TFT-LCD with wire grid polarizer. SID 07, p. 1184.
- Lin, H.T. et al. (2010) A new approach to dynamic polarization 3D LCD. SID 10, p. 5.
- Kim, S.S. et al. (2009) World’s first 240Hz TFT-LCD technology for Full-HD LCD-TV and its application to 3D display. SID 09, p. 424.
- Park, S.B. et al. (2010) A novel charge shared SPVA technology. SID 07, p. 1252.
- Kim, S.S. et al. (2004) New technologies for advanced LCD-TV performance. J. SID, 12, 353.
- Kim, T. et al. (2005) Black frame insertion technique with charge share. Eurodisplay, P 2, 152.
- Lueder, E. (2010) Liquid Crystal Displays – Addressing Schemes and Electro-Optical Effects, 2nd edn, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, pp. 293–295.
- Shestak, S. and Kim, D. (2003) Application of p-cells in time-multiplexed stereoscopic and autostereoscopic displays based on LCD panels. SPIE Proc., 5006, 136.
- Jung, S.M. et al. (2009) A novel polarizer glasses-type 3D display with an active retarder. SID 09, p. 348.
- Kumagawa, K. et al. (2002) Fast response OCB-LCD for TV applications. SID 02, p. 1288.
- Nakao, K. et al. (2007) OCB-LCD with new driving method having fast response of 2-3ms MPRTand high contrast ratio of 1000:1. SID 07, p. 138.
- Suzuki, D. et al. (2009) Cross talk free 3D display with time sequential OCB-LCD. SID 09, p. 428.
- Pastoor, S., (1995) Human factors of 3D imaging. Results of recent research at Heinrich-Hertz-Institut-Berlin. IDW Proceedings 95, p. 69.
- Kim, D.S. et al. (2010) New 240Hz driving method for full HD and high quality 3D LCD TV. SID 10, p. 762.
- Lee, B.W. et al. (2010) Novel simultaneous emission driving scheme for cross talk free 3D AMOLED TV. SID 10, p. 758.
- Yano, S. et al. (2002) A study of visual fatigue and visual discomfort for 3D HDTV/HDTV images. Displays, 23, 191.
- Farné, M. (1977) Brightness as an indicator to distance: relative brightness per se or contrast with the background. Perception, 6, 287.
- Takahashi, S. et al. (2010) Control of subjective depth on 3D displays by a quantified monocular depth cue. SID 10, p. 870.
- Chang, Y.C. et al. (2010) Cross talk suppression by image processing in 3D display. SID 10, p. 124.
- Jorke, H. et al. (2009) Advanced stereo projection using interference filters. J. SID, 17.5, 407.
- Simon, A. et al. (2010) Recent progress in interference-filter based stereoscopic 3D LCD. SID 10, p. 867.
- Jorke, H. and Fritz, M. (2006) Stereo projection using interference filters. Proceedings of SPIE-IS and T, Electronic Imaging 6055, 60505G.
- Kelly, D.H. (1953) Optical projection of beam controlled object fields, US Patent 2 958 258, 1960, filed.
- Li, L. et al. (1998) High efficiency projection display with novel thin film polarizing beam splitters. SID 98, p. 686.
- Robinson, M. et al. (2003) Wide field of view compensation scheme for cube polarizing beam splitters. SID 03, p. 874.
- Rosenbluth, A.E. et al. (1998) Contrast properties of reflective liquid crystal light valves in projection displays. IBM J. Res. Dev., 42(3–4), 359.
- Cline, R. et al. (2002) Thermal stress birefringence in LCOS projection displays. Displays, 23.3, 151.
- Bothroyd, S.K. (2010) Simultaneous projection of stereoscopic 3D left- and right-eye images in orthogonal polarization through a single lens. SID 10, p. 13.
- Sekmé, A. (1998) Projection lens system, US Patent 5822129, Oct. 13.
- Hoepfner, C. (2006) Phlatlight photonic lattice LEDs for RPVT light engines. SID 06, p. 1808.
- Bogaert, L. et al. (2008) Projection display for the generation of two orthogonal polarized images using liquid crystal on silicon panels and light emitting diodes. Appl. Opt., 47, 1535.
- Bogaert, L. et al. (2009) Design of a compact projection display for the visualization of 3D images using polarization sensitive eye glasses. J. SID, 17.7, 603.
- Bogaert, L. et al. (2010) Efficient polarization based stereoscopic projector with extended color gamut: combining two projectors into one. SID 10, p. 9.
- Murat, M. et al. (2009) Two LCOS full color projector with efficient LED illumination engine. Displays, 30, 155.
- Kwok, H.S. et al. (2007) Extremely broadband retardation films. SID 07, p. 1390.
- Jones, R.C. (1941) New calculus for the treatment of optical systems. J. Opt. Soc. Am., 31, 488.
- Yeh, P. and Gu, C. (1999) Optics of Liquid Crystal Displays, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York.
- Chang, Y.H. et al. (2010) Novel broad band retarder evaluation metrics for 3D projection displays. SID 10, p. 17.
- Lee, B.W. et al. (2011) 120Hz 3D driving for AMOLED with interleaved scan and emission operation. SID 11, p. 264.
- Hwang, Y.I. et al. (2010) Low frequency driving methods for 3D displays. SID 11, p. 272.
- Song, J.K. et al. (2004) OCCII: novel method for fast response time in PVA mode. SID 04, p. 1344.
- Lueder, E., (2004) Shortcomings and remedies of AM addressing for LCDs and OLEDs. Workshop SID Asia Display/IMID 04, p. 65.
- Cheng, S.W. et al. (2011) Driving method for a 2D-3D switchable AMOLED display using progressive or simultaneous emission. SID 11, p. 268.
- Nomura, K. et al. (2004) Room temperature fabrication of transparent flexible thin-film transistors using amorphous oxide semiconductors. Nature, 432, 488.
- Miura, K. et al. (2011) Low temperature processed IG ZO TFT for flexible AMOLED with integrated gate driver circuits. SID 11, p. 21.
- Zan, H.W. et al. (2011) High performance IG ZO TFT with nano-dots doping. SID 11, p. 28.
- Schadt, M. et al. (1995) Photo-induced alignment and patterning of hybrid liquid crystalline polymer films on single substrates. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 34, L764.
- Schadt, M. (1997) Liquid crystal material and liquid crystal displays. Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 27(3), p. 305.
- Schadt, M. (2011) Photo-alignment and alignment patterning of liquid crystals. SID Seminar Lecture Notes, M–9/1.
- Sechrist, S. (2011) Display Week 2011 Review: 3D, Inf. Display 7/8, p. 16.