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Amyloid Precursor Protein
Su Ling Leong,
Kevin J. Barnham,
Gerd Multhaup,
Roberto Cappai,
Su Ling Leong
University of Melbourne, Department of Pathology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Victoria, Australia, 3010
Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052
Search for more papers by this authorKevin J. Barnham
University of Melbourne, Department of Pathology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Victoria, Australia, 3010
Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052
Search for more papers by this authorGerd Multhaup
Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institut fuer Chemie/Biochemie, Thielallee 63, Berlin, Germany, D-14195
Search for more papers by this authorRoberto Cappai
University of Melbourne, Department of Pathology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
University of Melbourne, Centre for Neuroscience, Victoria, Australia, 3010
University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Victoria, Australia, 3010
Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052
Search for more papers by this authorSu Ling Leong,
Kevin J. Barnham,
Gerd Multhaup,
Roberto Cappai,
Su Ling Leong
University of Melbourne, Department of Pathology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Victoria, Australia, 3010
Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052
Search for more papers by this authorKevin J. Barnham
University of Melbourne, Department of Pathology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Victoria, Australia, 3010
Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052
Search for more papers by this authorGerd Multhaup
Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institut fuer Chemie/Biochemie, Thielallee 63, Berlin, Germany, D-14195
Search for more papers by this authorRoberto Cappai
University of Melbourne, Department of Pathology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3010
University of Melbourne, Centre for Neuroscience, Victoria, Australia, 3010
University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Victoria, Australia, 3010
Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052
Search for more papers by this authorFirst published: 15 December 2011
Abstract
The amyloid-precursor protein (APP) is a transmembrane glycoprotein implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In mammals, there are two paralogues of APP termed amyloid precursor-like protein 1 (APLP1) and amyloid precursor-like protein 2 (APLP2). Orthologues of APP also exist, suggesting a conserved function vital throughout evolution. APP is a multidomain protein with metal-binding sites critical to its function. There are two copper-binding domains, one lies in the N-terminus, adjacent to the zinc-binding domain, and the other is in the amyloid-beta (Aβ) domain. Aβ is derived via a series of protease cleavages of APP by the secretases, and is the main constituent of the amyloid plaques that are a key pathological hallmark of AD. The physiological role of APP is as yet unknown. It can reduce Cu2+ to Cu+, and the physiological and three-dimensional structure suggests a role as a copper chaperone. The binding of Cu to Aβ is toxic to neuronal cultures, and this may contribute to the oxidative stress that is commonly observed in AD.
3D Structure
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