Child maltreatment is a serious public health problem in the United States. Emergency medical services clinicians will encounter children who have been abused and neglected. Identifying abuse and neglect is challenged by the willingness of abusive caregivers to give an accurate history, leaving medical clinicians with false, inaccurate, or incomplete histories that affect decision making for care, interventions, and even transport. Having a working knowledge of child maltreatment is important in order to obtain valuable information that may help to identify children who are victims of abuse and neglect.