Chapter 69
Diabetes in Childhood
Jennifer M. Ikle,
Ananta Addala,
David M. Maahs,
Jennifer M. Ikle
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAnanta Addala
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorDavid M. Maahs
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJennifer M. Ikle,
Ananta Addala,
David M. Maahs,
Jennifer M. Ikle
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAnanta Addala
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorDavid M. Maahs
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorBook Editor(s):Richard I.G. Holt MA, MB BChir, PhD, FRCP, FHEA,
Allan Flyvbjerg MD, DMSc,
Richard I.G. Holt MA, MB BChir, PhD, FRCP, FHEA
Professor in Diabetes & Endocrinology Faculty of Medicine Honorary Consultant Physician
Human Development and Health
University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
Search for more papers by this authorAllan Flyvbjerg MD, DMSc
Former CEO at Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (SDCC) Professor of Clinical Endocrinology
The Capital Region of Denmark
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for more papers by this authorFirst published: 12 January 2024
Summary
This chapter focuses on the practical aspects of the management of type 1 diabetes in children. The classic presentation of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in a thin, dehydrated child with Kussmaul breathing, abdominal pain, vomiting, and impaired neurological status affects less than half of cases presenting in high-income countries today. While type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes have multifactorial aetiologies, monogenic causes of diabetes are also important causes of pediatric diabetes. The clinical presentation of DKA includes abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which can mimic an acute abdomen. Initial education should provide a basic understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetes and its treatment to ensure that families feel confident in providing diabetes care at home. Children with diabetes spend a significant portion of their day in school; therefore, diabetes management in school is a critical part of their diabetes management plan.
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