Chapter 3

Epigenetics of T-cell Lymphoma

H. Miles Prince

H. Miles Prince

Epworth Healthcare and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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Jasmine Zain

Jasmine Zain

Department of Hematology/Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA

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Anas Younes

Anas Younes

Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

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Sean Whittaker

Sean Whittaker

Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK

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Owen A. O'Connor

Owen A. O'Connor

Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA

Program for T-Cell Lymphoma Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Research, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA

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Sean Harrop

Sean Harrop

Epworth Healthcare and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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First published: 19 February 2021
Citations: 1

Summary

Epigenetic alterations play a significant role in T-cell lymphomas, largely through DNA methylation and histone modification that result in changes in gene expression. There is no other disease for which the constellation of data and evidence points toward the conclusion that T-cell lymphomas (TCLs) may represent the prototypical malignant disease characterized by gross epigenetic derangements and vulnerability. Peripheral TCL (PTCL) oncogenesis is a complex process thought to comprise two distinct components: one involving the dysregulation of T-cell receptor signaling pathways intrinsic to malignant T cells, the other involving the interplay between the malignant cell and the non-neoplastic tumor microenvironment. There are a number of new drugs that target the PTCL epigenome which have been approved by various regulatory agencies around the world. There are a number of promising single-agent drugs that target the epigenome in unique fashion, which may play an important role, alone or in combination, in the treatment of T-cell malignancies.

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