Chapter 12
Foodborne Trematodiases and Phytochemicals
Shashank M. Patil,
Ramith Ramu,
Prithvi S. Shirahatti,
K. Sumana,
Shashank M. Patil
Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
Search for more papers by this authorRamith Ramu
Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
Search for more papers by this authorPrithvi S. Shirahatti
Department of Biotechnology, Teresian College, Mysore, India
Search for more papers by this authorK. Sumana
Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
Search for more papers by this authorShashank M. Patil,
Ramith Ramu,
Prithvi S. Shirahatti,
K. Sumana,
Shashank M. Patil
Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
Search for more papers by this authorRamith Ramu
Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
Search for more papers by this authorPrithvi S. Shirahatti
Department of Biotechnology, Teresian College, Mysore, India
Search for more papers by this authorK. Sumana
Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
Search for more papers by this authorBook Editor(s):Chukwuebuka Egbuna,
Muhammad Akram,
Jonathan Chinenye Ifemeje,
Chukwuebuka Egbuna
Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria
Search for more papers by this authorMuhammad Akram
Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorJonathan Chinenye Ifemeje
Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
The foodborne trematodiases are regarded as one of the most dreaded diseases ever witnessed by mankind. They belong to the group of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that prevail in tropical and subtropical conditions in around 149 countries of the world, causing 56 million infections, 0.6 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and are able to put 750 million (>10% of the global population) at risk. They are classified as Opisthorchiasis, Clonorchiasis, Fascioliasis, Paragonimiasis, Fasciolopsiasis, Echinostomiasis, and Heterophyiasis, based on their target organ and causative agents. Herein, we review the factors associated with disease including life cycle, epidemiology, pathogenesis, chemotherapeutic options, prevention, and control as well as phytotherapy. We put emphasis on the different types of foodborne trematodes including liver flukes ( Fasciola spp., Opisthorchis spp.), lung flukes ( Paragonimus spp.), and intestinal flukes (heterophyids, Echinostoma spp., Fasciolopsis buski ) for their infectivity, pathogenic mechanisms, and response to chemotherapeutic as well phytotherapeutic options. The chapter deliberates on the plant-based treatment for trematodes infection, reports the phytochemicals used so far with anti-trematodal potential, and possible course of actions that need to be put forth to deliver the phytochemical-based drugs to cure foodborne trematodiases.
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