A plant-based diet can lower the incidence of type 2 diabetes in an average risk population. Type 2 diabetes affects populations at all levels of the socio-economic strata worldwide and in fact disproportionately affects populations in lower-income countries. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the benefit of a plant-based diet in the risk reduction of type 2 diabetes. The Mediterranean diet plan has been studied in the management of early type 2 diabetes. The American Diabetes Association in its most recent statement on medical nutrition therapy in the management of type 2 diabetes, emphasizes that there are no comparison studies between eating patterns. Regular dietary fiber intake is associated with lower all- cause mortality in people with type 2 diabetes. The American Diabetes Association recommends that fiber be incorporated through foods that are naturally high in fiber, as opposed to supplements, to reap other benefits such as micronutrients and phytochemicals naturally found in foods.