Modern humans are classified in the species Homo sapiens. This chapter examines the biological and cultural trends in the evolution of the genus Homo, including the emergence of modern humans. The genus Homo has long been defined by a large brain size, exceeding that of apes. This increase in brain size, along with a reduction in the size of the face and teeth and the development of stone tool technology, allows us to talk about these ancestors as specifically human rather than just hominin. Hunting has long been considered a unique feature of early human evolution. A model of brow ridge formation, known as the spatial model, looks at the relationship of the frontal bone to the eye orbits and the brain case of the skull. The very mention of Neandertals brings up images of brutish ape-men who walked bent over and lacked both intelligence and common sense.