Urgent-start Peritoneal Dialysis
Belinda Stallard
Department of Nephrology University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorDavid W Johnson
Department of Nephrology University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
Australasian Kidney Trials Network, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Centre of Kidney Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorHtay Htay
Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorGiovanni F. M. Strippoli
Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation University of Bari, Bari, Italy
School of Public Health University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorJonathan C. Craig
College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorYeoungjee Cho
Department of Nephrology University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorBelinda Stallard
Department of Nephrology University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorDavid W Johnson
Department of Nephrology University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
Australasian Kidney Trials Network, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Centre of Kidney Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorHtay Htay
Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorGiovanni F. M. Strippoli
Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation University of Bari, Bari, Italy
School of Public Health University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorJonathan C. Craig
College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorYeoungjee Cho
Department of Nephrology University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorJonathan C. Craig MBChB, DipCH, MMed(Clin Epi), PhD, FAHMS
Matthew Flinders Distinguished Professor Vice President and Executive Dean
College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorDonald A. Molony MD
Professor of Medicine Distinguished Teaching Professor of the University of Texas System
Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension AND Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-based Medicine, McGovern Medical School University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
Search for more papers by this authorGiovanni F.M. Strippoli MD, PhD, MPH, MM (Epi)
Professor of Nephrology Adjunct Professor of Epidemiology
Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – University of Bari, Bari, Italy
School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) has several advantages over hemodialysis, including preservation of vasculature for future dialysis access, an initial survival advantage, cost effectiveness, and preservation of residual renal function. This chapter summarizes the evidence to date regarding the definition, prevalence, and outcomes of urgent-start PD. A barrier to broader uptake of urgent-start PD may be attributable to physician practice patterns, which may be largely contributed to by a lack of adequate resources necessary to execute urgent-start PD. Unlike conventional-start PD when initiation of therapy is delayed until at least 2 weeks after catheter insertion to promote wound healing, earlier treatment initiation has raised concerns about an increase in the risk of mechanical complications, such as per catheter leaks. There is a growing burden of patients with end-stage kidney disease worldwide, with increasing numbers of patients commencing on renal replacement therapy.
References
- Liyanage , T. , Ninomiya , T. , Jha , V. et al. ( 2015 ). Worldwide access to treatment for end-stage kidney disease: a systematic review . Lancet 385 ( 9981 ): 1975 – 1982 .
- Van Biesen , W. , Vanholder , R. , and Lameire , N. ( 2000 ). The role of peritoneal dialysis as the first-line renal replacement modality . Perit. Dial. Int. 20 ( 4 ): 375 – 383 .
- Fenton , S.S. , Schaubel , D.E. , Desmeules , M. et al. ( 1997 ). Hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis: a comparison of adjusted mortality rates . Am. J. Kidney Dis. 30 ( 3 ): 334 – 342 .
- Heaf , J.G. , Lokkegaard , H. , and Madsen , M. ( 2002 ). Initial survival advantage of peritoneal dialysis relative to haemodialysis . Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 17 ( 1 ): 112 – 117 .
- Kidney Health Australia . ( 2016 ). State of the nations . Kidney health week chronic kidney disease hot spots.
- Misra , M. , Vonesh , E. , Van Stone , J.C. et al. ( 2001 ). Effect of cause and time of dropout on the residual GFR: a comparative analysis of the decline of GFR on dialysis . Kidney Int. 59 ( 2 ): 754 – 763 .
- Lang , S.M. , Bergner , A. , Topfer , M. , and Schiffl , H. ( 2001 ). Preservation of residual renal function in dialysis patients: effects of dialysis-technique-related factors . Perit. Dial. Int. 21 ( 1 ): 52 – 57 .
- Tokgoz , B. ( 2009 ). Clinical advantages of peritoneal dialysis . Perit. Dial. Int. 29 ( Suppl 2 ): S59 – S61 .
- Barendse , S.M. , Speight , J. , and Bradley , C. ( 2005 ). The Renal Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (RTSQ): a measure of satisfaction with treatment for chronic kidney failure . Am. J. Kidney Dis. 45 ( 3 ): 572 – 579 .
- Rubin , H.R. , Fink , N.E. , Plantinga , L.C. et al. ( 2004 ). Patient ratings of dialysis care with peritoneal dialysis vs hemodialysis . JAMA 291 ( 6 ): 697 – 703 .
- Perl , J. , Wald , R. , McFarlane , P. et al. ( 2011 ). Hemodialysis vascular access modifies the association between dialysis modality and survival . J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 22 ( 6 ): 1113 – 1121 .
- Jain , A.K. , Blake , P. , Cordy , P. , and Garg , A.X. ( 2012 ). Global trends in rates of peritoneal dialysis . J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 23 ( 3 ): 533 – 544 .
- Li , P.K. , Chow , K.M. , Van de Luijtgaarden , M.W. et al. ( 2017 ). Changes in the worldwide epidemiology of peritoneal dialysis . Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 13 ( 2 ): 90 – 103 .
-
Lameire , N.
,
Wauters , J.P.
,
Teruel , J.L.
et al. (
2002
).
An update on the referral pattern of patients with end-stage renal disease
.
Kidney Int. Suppl.
80
:
27
–
34
.
10.1046/j.1523-1755.61.s80.6.x Google Scholar
- ANZDATA Registry . 37th Report, Chapter 4: Haemodialysis . Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, Adelaide, Australia . 2015
- Ivarsen , P. and Povlsen , J.V. ( 2014 ). Can peritoneal dialysis be applied for unplanned initiation of chronic dialysis? Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 29 ( 12 ): 2201 – 2206 .
- Mendelssohn , D.C. , Ethier , J. , Elder , S.J. et al. ( 2006 ). Haemodialysis vascular access problems in Canada: results from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS II) . Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 21 ( 3 ): 721 – 728 .
- US Renal Data System . ( 2012 ). 2012 Annual data report: Atlas of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in the United States . Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US Renal Data System , Bethesda, MD .
- Ravani , P. , Palmer , S.C. , Oliver , M.J. et al. ( 2013 ). Associations between hemodialysis access type and clinical outcomes: a systematic review . J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 24 ( 3 ): 465 – 473 .
- Moist , L.M. , Trpeski , L. , Na , Y. , and Lok , C.E. ( 2008 ). Increased hemodialysis catheter use in Canada and associated mortality risk: data from the Canadian organ replacement registry 2001-2004 . Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 3 ( 6 ): 1726 – 1732 .
- Xue , H. , Ix , J.H. , Wang , W. et al. ( 2013 ). Hemodialysis access usage patterns in the incident dialysis year and associated catheter-related complications . Am. J. Kidney Dis. 61 ( 1 ): 123 – 130 .
- Lok , C.E. and Foley , R. ( 2013 ). Vascular access morbidity and mortality: trends of the last decade . Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 8 ( 7 ): 1213 – 1219 .
- US Renal Data System . ( 2016 ) 2016 Annual Data Report . Bethesda, MD : National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases .
- Haarsager , J. , Krishnasamy , R. , and Gray , N.A. ( 2018 ). Impact of pay for performance on access at first dialysis in Queensland . Nephrology 23 ( 5 ): 469 – 475 .
- Morton , R.L. , Tong , A. , Howard , K. et al. ( 2010 ). The views of patients and carers in treatment decision making for chronic kidney disease: systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies . BMJ 340 : c112 .
- Liu , F.X. , Ghaffari , A. , Dhatt , H. et al. ( 2014 ). Economic evaluation of urgent-start peritoneal dialysis versus urgent-start hemodialysis in the United States . Medicine 93 ( 28 ): e293 .
- Figueiredo , A. , Goh , B.L. , Jenkins , S. et al. ( 2010 ). Clinical practice guidelines for peritoneal access . Perit. Dial. Int. 30 ( 4 ): 424 – 429 .
- Povlsen , J.V. and Ivarsen , P. ( 2006 ). How to start the late referred ESRD patient urgently on chronic APD . Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 21 ( Suppl 2 ): ii56 – ii59 .
- Ranganathan , D. , John , G.T. , Yeoh , E. et al. ( 2017 ). A randomized controlled trial to determine the appropriate time to initiate peritoneal dialysis after insertion of catheter (Timely PD Study) . Perit. Dial. Int. 37 ( 4 ): 420 – 428 .
- Ghaffari , A. ( 2012 ). Urgent-start peritoneal dialysis: a quality improvement report . Am. J. Kidney Dis. 59 ( 3 ): 400 – 408 .
- See , E.J. , Cho , Y. , Hawley , C.M. et al. ( 2017 ). Early and late patient outcomes in urgent-start peritoneal dialysis . Perit. Dial. Int. 37 ( 4 ): 414 – 419 .
- Yang , Y.F. , Wang , H.J. , Yeh , C.C. et al. ( 2011 ). Early initiation of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in patients undergoing surgical implantation of Tenckhoff catheters . Perit. Dial. Int. 31 ( 5 ): 551 – 557 .
- Casaretto , A. , Rosario , R. , Kotzker , W.R. et al. ( 2012 ). Urgent-start peritoneal dialysis: report from a U.S. private nephrology practice . In: Advances in peritoneal dialysis Conference on Peritoneal Dialysis , vol. 28 , 102 – 105 .
- Koch , M. , Kohnle , M. , Trapp , R. et al. ( 2012 ). Comparable outcome of acute unplanned peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis . Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 27 ( 1 ): 375 – 380 .
- Lobbedez , T. , Lecouf , A. , Ficheux , M. et al. ( 2008 ). Is rapid initiation of peritoneal dialysis feasible in unplanned dialysis patients? A single-Centre experience . Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 23 ( 10 ): 3290 – 3294 .
- Htay H , Johnson DW , Craig JC , Teixeira-Pinto A , Hawley CM , Cho Y . ( 2020 ). Urgent-start peritoneal dialysis versus conventional-start peritoneal dialysis for people with chronic kidney disease . Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 12 ( 12 ):CD012913
- Htay H , Johnson DW , Craig JC , Teixeira-Pinto A , Hawley CM , Cho Y . ( 2021 ). Urgent-start peritoneal dialysis versus haemodialysis for people with chronic kidney disease . Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 1 ( 1 ):CD012899.
- Hultcrantz , M. , Rind , D. , Akl , E.A. et al. ( 2017 ). The GRADE Working Group clarifies the construct of certainty of evidence . Int. J Clin Epidemiol. 87 : 4 – 13 .
-
Povlsen , J.V.
,
Otte , K.E.
,
Larsen , P.V.
et al. (
2016
).
MP499 Unplanned start on PD with less than two weeks of peritoneal rest between PD catheter implantation and initiation of PD is not associated with inferior PD catheter survival
.
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant.
31
(
suppl_1
):
i506
–
i506
.
10.1093/ndt/gfw195.15 Google Scholar
- Kim , S.Y. , Jeong , H.J. , Lee , J.Y. et al. ( 2016 ). SP452 Early technical complications and long term survival of urgent peritoneal dialysis according to break-in period . Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 31 ( suppl_1 ): i243 – i243 .
- Wong , L.P. , Li , N.C. , Kansal , S. et al. ( 2016 ). Urgent peritoneal dialysis starts for ESRD: initial Multicenter experiences in the United States . Am. J. Kidney Dis. 68 ( 3 ): 500 – 502 .
- Alkatheeri , A.M. , Blake , P.G. , Gray , D. , and Jain , A.K. ( 2016 ). Success of urgent-start peritoneal dialysis in a large Canadian renal program . Perit. Dial. Int. 36 ( 2 ): 171 – 176 .
- Bitencourt Dias , D. , Mendes , M.L. , Burgugi Banin , V. et al. ( 2017 ). Urgent-start peritoneal dialysis: the first year of Brazilian experience . Blood Purif. 44 ( 4 ): 283 – 287 .
- Nayak , K.S. , Subhramanyam , S.V. , Pavankumar , N. et al. ( 2018 ). Emergent start peritoneal dialysis for end-stage renal disease: outcomes and advantages . Blood Purif. 45 ( 4 ): 313 – 319 .
- Jin , H. , Ni , Z. , Mou , S. et al. ( 2018 ). Feasibility of urgent-start peritoneal dialysis in older patients with end-stage renal disease: a single-center experience . Perit. Dial. Int. 38 ( 2 ): 125 – 130 .
- Liu , Y. , Zhang , L. , Lin , A. et al. ( 2014 ). Impact of break-in period on the short-term outcomes of patients started on peritoneal dialysis . Perit. Dial. Int. 34 ( 1 ): 49 – 56 .
- Xu , D. , Liu , T. , and Dong , J. ( 2017 ). Urgent-start peritoneal dialysis complications: prevalence and risk factors . Am. J. Kidney Dis. 70 ( 1 ): 102 – 110 .
- Arramreddy , R. , Zheng , S. , Saxena , A.B. et al. ( 2014 ). Urgent-start peritoneal dialysis: a chance for a new beginning . Am. J. Kidney Dis. 63 ( 3 ): 390 – 395 .
- Golper , T.A. , Saxena , A.B. , Piraino , B. et al. ( 2011 ). Systematic barriers to the effective delivery of home dialysis in the United States: a report from the Public Policy/Advocacy Committee of the North American Chapter of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis . Am. J. Kidney Dis. 58 ( 6 ): 879 – 885 .
- Ghaffari , A. , Kumar , V. , and Guest , S. ( 2013 ). Infrastructure requirements for an urgent-start peritoneal dialysis program . Perit. Dial. Int. 33 ( 6 ): 611 – 617 .
- Jin , H. , Fang , W. , Zhu , M. et al. ( 2016 ). Urgent-start peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis in ESRD patients: complications and outcomes . PLoS One 11 ( 11 ): e0166181 .
- Stegmayr , B.G. ( 2003 ). Three purse-string sutures allow immediate start of peritoneal dialysis with a low incidence of leakage . Semin. Dial. 16 ( 4 ): 346 – 348 .
- Javaid , M.M. , Lee , E. , Khan , B.A. , and Subramanian , S. ( 2017 ). Description of an urgent-start peritoneal dialysis program in Singapore . Perit. Dial. Int. 37 ( 5 ): 500 – 502 .
- van Laanen , J.H.H. , Cornelis , T. , Mees , B.M. et al. ( 2018 ). Randomized controlled trial comparing open versus laparoscopic placement of a peritoneal dialysis catheter and outcomes: the CAPD I trial . Perit. Dial. Int. 38 ( 2 ): 104 – 112 .
- Gokal , R. , Alexander , S. , Ash , S. et al. ( 1998 ). Peritoneal catheters and exit-site practices toward optimum peritoneal access: 1998 update. (Official report from the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis) . Perit. Dial. Int. 18 ( 1 ): 11 – 33 .
- Liu , S. , Zhuang , X. , Zhang , M. et al. ( 2018 ). Application of automated peritoneal dialysis in urgent-start peritoneal dialysis patients during the break-in period . Int. Urol. Nephrol. 50 ( 3 ): 541 – 549 .
- Song , J.H. , Kim , G.A. , Lee , S.W. , and Kim , M.J. ( 2000 ). Clinical outcomes of immediate full-volume exchange one year after peritoneal catheter implantation for CAPD . Perit. Dial. Int. 20 ( 2 ): 194 – 199 .
- Masseur , A. , Guest , S. , and Kumar , V. ( 2014d ). Early technique success after initiation of treatment with urgent-start peritoneal dialysis . In: Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis, Conference on Peritoneal Dialysis , vol. 30 , 36 – 39 .
- Nebel M , Marczewski K , Finke K . ( 1991 ). Three years of experience with the swan-neck Tenckhoff catheter . Adv Perit Dial. 7 : 208 – 13 .
-
Diaz-Buxo , J.
and
Geissinger , W.T.
(
1984
).
Single cuff versus double cuff Tenckhoff catheter
.
Perit. Dial. Bull.
4
(
Suppl
):
S100
–
S102
.
10.1177/089686088400402S08 Google Scholar
- Ghaffari , A. , Hashemi , N. , Ghofrani , H. , and Adenuga , G. ( 2015 ). Urgent-start peritoneal dialysis versus other modalities of dialysis: long-term outcomes . National Kidney Foundation 2015 Spring Clinical Meetings Abstracts. Available from: https://www.kidney.org/sites/default/files/r-PD%20Fast%20Start%20SCM15_Ghaffari_Urgent_469.pdf
- Foote , C. , Clayton , P.A. , Johnson , D.W. et al. ( 2014 ). Impact of estimated GFR reporting on late referral rates and practice patterns for end-stage kidney disease patients: a multilevel logistic regression analysis using the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA) . Am. J. Kidney Dis. 64 ( 3 ): 359 – 366 .
- Baer , G. , Lameire , N. , and Van Biesen , W. ( 2010 ). Late referral of patients with end-stage renal disease: an in-depth review and suggestions for further actions . NDT Plus 3 ( 1 ): 17 – 27 .
