Festivals, Symposia, and the Performance of Greek Poetry
Richard P. Martin
Search for more papers by this authorRichard P. Martin
Search for more papers by this authorPierre Destrée
Search for more papers by this authorPenelope Murray
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
To claim that anything – person, horse, or poem – is beautiful requires criteria. These arise from individual training, shared traditions, broad norms of value, or tacit notions about utility and skill. Ancient Greek culture, like most, never systematically articulated such internalized guidelines. But its exceptional emphasis on public performance, especially in festivals and drinking parties (symposia), illuminates how some Greeks evaluated drama and other poetry – almost all of which was crafted for one or the other venue. By examining these two primary sites for the creation, transmission, and evaluation of aesthetic events, we can better appreciate how experiencing the beautiful (to kalon) – or any activity performed “nicely” (kalōs) – was influenced by social and performative contexts.
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Further Reading
- Essential are source books by Pickard-Cambridge (1968) and Csapo and Slater (1995). Herington (1985) pioneered study of ancient Greek “song culture”; his useful appendices are keyed to poetic genres. Wilson (2000) examines the details of Athenian production. Wilson (2007) features studies of festivals outside Athens. Kowalzig (2007) demonstrates the bonds between choral poetry and local cult celebrations. Manieri (2009) is an epigraphic survey of Boeotian contests.
- Inscriptional evidence for the Athenian dramatic victors is re-examined by Millis and Olson (2012), while Kotsidu (1991) gathers (but does not translate) the relevant sources for the Panathenaea. Two fine collections by Neils (1992, 1996) uncover the larger meanings of that landmark festival. The politics and sociology of Athenian festivals are analyzed in Osborne (1993), Goldhill and Osborne (1999), and Fisher (2011). Connor (1987) is a pathbreaking analysis using anthropological approaches. The long-term implications of the Panathenaic contests for Homeric epic have been brilliantly developed over two decades by Nagy (1990, 2002, 2009, 2010). Larmour (1999) looks at parallels between athletic events and dramatic contests, with a focus on tragedy. Paeans and citharody are given magisterial treatment by Rutherford (2001) and Power (2010), respectively. Biles (2011) explores the impact of contest environments on comic poetics. Griffith (1990) sketches a full range of agonistic effects in a number of genres. Representations of contests, including vase paintings, are examined in Shapiro (1992) and Martin (2003, 2010).
- Studies of the symposium and its poetry have exploded since the 1980s. Essential is Murray (1990b); Rösler (1980), Rossi (1983), and Gentili (1988) are still fundamental. Hobden's recent work (2013) offers a greatly expanded overview and bibliography. Filtering of poetic corpora through symposia is examined in Budelmann (2012), Carey (2011), Figueira and Nagy (1985), Nagy (2004), and Irwin (2005). A vast literature took the symposium as its fictional setting: J. Martin (1931) is still a good introduction to the whole range, while Bowie (1993) concentrates on the early period.
- Finally, two overarching studies connect rhapsodic, choral, and sympotic performances to much larger cultural concerns: Stehle (1997) to gender and Peponi (2012) to philosophical aesthetics.