Indigenous theory as a category of critical analysis has occupied scholars in social and cultural anthropology and related fields for more than a century, although the approaches to this topic, indeed its very definition, have altered significantly during this period. While indigeneity as a state of being and a cluster of internationally recognized legal rights was “officially” recognized in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in 2007, indigenous peoples (i.e., original or long-term “native” inhabitants of particular regions) have been the primary research subjects of anthropologists and proto-ethnographers for at least three centuries.