Chapter 20
Assessing Odontometric Variation among Populations
Brian E. Hemphill,
Brian E. Hemphill
Search for more papers by this authorBrian E. Hemphill,
Brian E. Hemphill
Search for more papers by this authorBook Editor(s):Joel D. Irish,
G. Richard Scott,
Joel D. Irish
Search for more papers by this authorG. Richard Scott
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
Three methods for the assessment of biological affinities, two based on principal components analysis and one on canonical variates analysis, are tested among 2,455 living individuals of 13 ethnic groups from northern Pakistan and peninsular India. Principal components analysis is useful for understanding the latent patterning of within-group variation, while canonical variates analysis is the superior method for assessment of between-group variance and, hence, patterning of biological affinities among groups. Reasonably high levels of correct assignment of individuals by locality (+50%) and region (+80%), regardless of sex, suggest that odontometric variation may be of value in identifying population affinities among various ethnic groups of South Asia, and perhaps other geographic areas, as well as unknown individuals in forensic contexts.
References
- Albrecht, G.H. (1980). Multivariate Analysis and the Study of Form, with Special Reference to Canonical Variate Analysis. American Zoologist, 20: 679–693.
-
Bateson, W. (1894). Materials for the Study of Variation, Treated with Especial Regard to Discontinuity in the Origin of Species. New York: McMillan.
10.5962/bhl.title.88017 Google Scholar
- Betti, L., F. Balloux, W. Amos, T. Hanihara, and A. Manica (2009). Distance from Africa, Not Climate, Explains Within-Population Phenotypic Diversity in Humans. Proceedings of the Royal Society, 276B: 809–814.
- Black, G.V. (1902). Descriptive Anatomy of the Human Teeth ( 2nd edn). Philadelphia, PA: S.S. White Dental Manufacturing Company.
- Blackith, R.E., and R.A. Reyment (1971). Multivariate Morphometrics. New York: Academic Press.
- Blaylock, S.R. (2008). Are the Koh an Indigenous Population of the Hindu Kush? MA thesis, California State University, Bakersfield.
- Butler, P.M. (1939). Studies of the Mammalian Dentition: Differentiation of the Postcanine Dentition. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 109B: 1–36.
- Campbell, T.D. (1925). Dentition and Palate of the Australian Aboriginal. Adelaide: Hassell Press.
- Corruccini, R.S. (1987). Shape in Morphometrics: Comparative Analyses. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 73: 289–303.
- Corruccini, R.S. (1995). Of Ratios and Rationality. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 96: 189–191.
- Dahlberg, A.A. (1945). The Changing Dentition of Man. Journal of the American Dental Association, 32: 676–690.
-
Dempster, A.P., N.M. Laird, and D.B. Rubin (1977). Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data via the EM Algorithm. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, 39: 1–38.
10.1111/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x Google Scholar
-
Flower, W.H. (1885). On the Size of the Teeth as a Character of Race. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 14: 183–187.
10.2307/2841856 Google Scholar
- Froehlich, J.W., J. Supriatna, and P.H. Froehlich (1991). Morphometric Analysis of Ateles: Systematic and Biogeographic Implications. American Journal of Primatology, 25: 1–22.
- Garn, S.M., A.B. Lewis, and A. Walenga (1968a). Crown-Size Profile Pattern Comparisons in 14 Populations. Archives of Oral Biology, 13: 841–844.
- Garn, S.M., A.B. Lewis, and A. Walenga (1968b). The Genetic Basis of the Crown Size Profile Pattern. Journal of Dental Research, 47: 1190.
- Gould, S.J. (1977). Ontogeny and Phylogeny. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Hanihara, T., and H. Ishida (2006). Metric Dental Variation of Major Human Populations. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 128: 287–298.
- Harris, E.F. (1998). Odontogenetic and Intraspecific Patterns of Odontometric Associations in Humans. In J.R. Lukacs (ed.), Human Dental Development, Morphology, and Pathology: A Tribute to Albert A. Dahlberg. Eugene, OR: University of Oregon Anthropological Papers No. 54, pp. 299–346.
-
Harris, E.F. (2003). Where's the Variation? Variance Components in Tooth Sizes of the Permanent Dentition. Dental Anthropology, 16: 84–94.
10.26575/daj.v16i3.157 Google Scholar
- Harris, E.F., and H.L. Bailit (1987). Odontometric Comparisons among Solomon Islanders and other Oceanic Peoples. In J.S. Friedlaender (ed.), The Solomon Islands Project: A Long Term Study of Health, Human Biology, and Culture Change. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 215–264.
- Harris, E.F., and H.L. Bailit (1988). A Principal Components Analysis of Human Odontometrics. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 75: 87–99.
- Harris, E.F., and T.A. Rathbun (1991). Ethnic Differences in the Apportionment of Tooth Size. In M.A. Kelley and C.S. Larsen (eds.), Advances in Dental Anthropology. New York: Wiley-Liss, pp. 121–142.
- Hartley, H.O., J.N.K. Rao, and L. LaMotte (1978). A Simple Synthesis-Based Method of Variance Component Estimation. Biometrics, 34: 233–244.
- Hemphill, B.E. (1991). Tooth Size Apportionment among Contemporary Indians: Factors of Language, Caste, and Geography. PhD dissertation, University of Oregon, Eugene.
-
Hemphill, B.E.
2013. Grades, Gradients, and Geography: A Dental Morphometric Approach to the Population History of South Asia. In G.R. Scott and J.D. Irish (eds.), Anthropological Perspectives on Tooth Morphology: Genetics, Evolution, Variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 341–387.
10.1017/CBO9780511984464.015 Google Scholar
- Hemphill, B.E. (2014). A Fool's Mission? A Test of Three Common Assumptions in Dental Metric Analysis. Dental Anthropology, 26: 16–30.
- Hlusko, L.J., and Michael C. Mahaney (2009). Quantitative Genetics, Pleiotropy, and Morphological Integration in the Dentition of Papio Hamadryas . Evolutionary Biology, 36: 5–18.
-
Hlusko, L.J., M.-L. Maas, and M.C. Mahaney (2004). Statistical Genetics for Molar Cusp Patterning in Pedigreed Baboons: Implications for Primate Dental Development and Evolution. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 302B: 268–283.
10.1002/jez.b.21 Google Scholar
-
Hotelling, H. (1933). Analysis of a Complex of Statistical Variables into Principal Components. Journal of Educational Psychology, 24: 417–441, 498–520.
10.1037/h0070888 Google Scholar
- Howells, W.W. (2004). Skull Shapes and the Map. Cambridge: Papers of the Peabody Museum No. 79.
-
Jungers, W.M., A.B. Falsetti, and C.E. Wall (1995). Shape, Relative Size, and Size-Adjustments in Morphometrics. Yearbook of Anthropology, 38: 137–141.
10.1002/ajpa.1330380608 Google Scholar
-
Kieser, J.A. (1990). Human Adult Odontometrics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
10.1017/CBO9780511983610 Google Scholar
- Lasker, G.W., and M.C.C. Lee (1957). Racial Traits in the Human Dentition. Journal of Forensic Science, 2: 401–419.
- Meiri, S., T. Dayan, and D. Simberloff (2005). Variability and Correlations in Carnivore Crania and Dentition. Functional Ecology, 19: 337–343.
- Miller, E.H., H.-C. Sung, V.D. Moulton, G.W. Walker, J.K. Finley, and G.B. Stenson (2007). Variation and Integration of the Simple Mandibular Postcanine Dentition in Two Species of Phocid Seal. Journal of Mammalogy, 88: 1325–1334.
- Moorrees, C.F.A., and R.B. Reed (1964). Correlations among Crown Diameters of Human Teeth. Archives of Oral Biology, 9: 685–697.
- O'Neill, P.W. (2012). An Odontometric Investigation of Tooth Size Apportionment and Phenetic Affinities among the Shin and Wakhis: Two Contemporary Ethnic Groups of Northern Pakistan. MA thesis, California State University, Bakersfield.
- Oxnard, C.E. (1978). One Biologist's View of Morphometrics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 9: 219–241.
- Pedersen, P.O. (1949). The East Greenland Eskimo Dentition. Meddelsser om Grønland, 142: 1–256.
- Rosenzweig, K.A. (1970). Tooth Form as a Distinguishing Trait between Sexes and Human Populations. Journal of Dental Research, 49: 1423–1426.
- Selmer-Olsen, R. (1949). An Odontometrical Study on the Norwegian Lapps . Skrifter Utgitt av det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi Oslo, I. Mat. Naav. Klasse, No. 3.
- Shapiro, S.S., and M.B. Wilk (1965). An Analysis of Variance Test for Normality (Complete Samples). Biometrika, 52: 591–611.
- Song, Y., M. Yan, K. Muneoka, and Y.P. Chen (2008). Mouse Embryonic Diastema Region Is an Ideal Site for the Development of Ectopically Transplanted Tooth Germ. Developmental Dynamics, 237: 411–416.
- de Terra, M. (1905). Beiträge zu einer Odontographie der Menschenrassen. Berlin: Berlinische Vergsanstalt.
- Von Cramon-Taubadel, N. (2009). Congruence of Individual Cranial Bone Morphology and Neutral Molecular Affinity Patterns in Modern Humans. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 140: 205–215.
- Wagner, G.P. (1996). Homologues, Natural Kinds and the Evolution of Modularity. American Zoologist, 36: 36–43.
- Wagner, G.P., J. Mezey, and R. Clabretta (2005). Natural Selection and the Origin of Modules. In W. Callebaut and D. Rasskin-Gutman (eds.), Modularity: Understanding the Development and Evolution of Natural Complex Systems. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 33–50.
- Willmore, K.E., N.M. Young, and J.T. Richtsmeier (2007). Phenotypic Variability: Its Components, Measurement and Underlying Developmental Processes. Evolutionary Biology, 34: 99–120.
