Chapter 4
Mediators of neuroinflammation
Rajiv Tikamdas,
Ping Zhang,
Bin Liu,
Rajiv Tikamdas
Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
Search for more papers by this authorPing Zhang
Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
Search for more papers by this authorBin Liu
Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
Search for more papers by this authorRajiv Tikamdas,
Ping Zhang,
Bin Liu,
Rajiv Tikamdas
Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
Search for more papers by this authorPing Zhang
Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
Search for more papers by this authorBin Liu
Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
Search for more papers by this authorBook Editor(s):Donald Armstrong,
Robert D. Stratton,
Donald Armstrong
Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
Search for more papers by this authorRobert D. Stratton
Department of Ophthamology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, US
Search for more papers by this authorFirst published: 29 January 2016
Summary
Inflammation in the brain, that is, neuroinflammation, can be triggered by the presence of foreign substances including microbial pathogens and the occurrence of neuronal injury inflicted by ischemic, traumatic, and neurotoxic insults. This chapter summarizes the key features of cellular and molecular mediators of neuroinflammation and their relevance to a number of neurological disorders. Neuroinflammation is mediated by two non-neuronal cell types in the brain, namely microglia and astroglia. Microglial activation and the resulting neuroinflammation have been implicated in a variety of neurological disorders including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), brain injuries such as stroke and traumatic brain injury, as well as psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and depression. Components of microglial activation cascade may hold the promise as potential early-phase diagnostic biomarkers for central nervous system (CNS) disorders in which neuroinflammation plays a role in the initiation stage of the progressive neurodegeneration process.
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