Germany
Summary
Germany has adopted a traditional civil law system. The German Constitution of 1949, called the Basic Statute, is the central document in the German judicial system. Acts of Parliament are the sole method for statutory reform and codification. Civil, private, and criminal laws are codified in separate government groups; however, all actions regarding the Constitution are heard in the German Federal Constitutional Court. The German legal system does not have separate federal and state branches. There are a series of state courts, organized by subject matter jurisdiction, where actions can be brought. Appeals are heard in federal courts, and the Constitutional Court is accessible to any citizens claiming their constitutional rights have been impinged.