Small Intestine: Anatomy and Structural Anomalies
Deborah C. Rubin
Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAnisa Shaker
Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorDeborah C. Rubin
Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAnisa Shaker
Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorDaniel K. Podolsky MD
President, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Professor of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
Search for more papers by this authorMichael Camilleri MD
Executive Dean for Development, Atherton and Winifred W. Bean Professor, Professor of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, Distinguished Investigator, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Gregory Fitz MD FAASLD
Executive Vice President for Academic Aff airs and Provost, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dean, Professor of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAnthony N. Kalloo MD
Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Director, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
Search for more papers by this authorFergus Shanahan MD
Professor and Chair, Department of Medicine, Director, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
Search for more papers by this authorTimothy C. Wang MD
Chief, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Silberberg Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
This chapter presents a brief synopsis of the major events in midgut morphogenesis as a basis for understanding the congenital anomalies of the small intestine. The small intestine is composed of four concentric layers: the serosa, muscularis propria, submucosa, and mucosa. Duplications of the gastrointestinal tract are rare, congenital cystic anomalies attached to the intestinal mesenteric border. They are usually lined by gut mucosa but, like Meckel diverticula, they may contain heterotopic gastric mucosa or less commonly pancreatic, squamous, thyroid, or bronchial epithelium as well as lymphoid aggregates. Although gastroschisis and omphalocele both result from abdominal wall defects, these rare disorders are distinct entities. Intestinal intussusception is one of the most common causes of small bowel obstruction in children younger than 2 years of age but it is an unusual cause of bowel obstruction in adults.
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