Anti-epileptic medication is a mainstay for control of epileptic seizures. However, 30% of patients suffer from drug refractory epilepsy.

For those who are resistant or intolerant to medication, behavioral treatments such as biofeedback could be an alternative or supplementary management option.

Clinical results of biofeedback treatments are mostly encouraging; this anticipates the wider implementation of this methodology.

Although exact neural mechanisms through which biofeedback treatments reduce seizure frequencies are not clear, an influence on thalamocortical regulation, possibly leading to subsequent alteration of thalamocortical excitability, is a likely common feature to all types of biofeedback.