Chapter 2
Ultrasonic Duplex Scanning
D. Eugene Strandness Jr,
D. Eugene Strandness Jr
Search for more papers by this authorD. Eugene Strandness Jr,
D. Eugene Strandness Jr
Search for more papers by this authorBook Editor(s):Enrico Ascher,
L. H. Hollier,
D. Eugene Strandness,
Jonathan B. Towne,
Keith Calligaro,
K. Craig Kent,
Gregory L. Moneta,
William H. Pearce,
John J. Ricotta,
Henry Haimovici,
Enrico Ascher
Search for more papers by this authorL. H. Hollier
Search for more papers by this authorD. Eugene Strandness
Search for more papers by this authorJonathan B. Towne
Search for more papers by this authorKeith Calligaro
Search for more papers by this authorK. Craig Kent
Search for more papers by this authorGregory L. Moneta
Search for more papers by this authorWilliam H. Pearce
Search for more papers by this authorJohn J. Ricotta
Search for more papers by this authorHenry Haimovici
Search for more papers by this authorFirst published: 01 January 2004
Summary
This chapter contains section titled:
-
Medical Applications of Ultrasonic Duplex Scanning
-
Clinical Applications
-
Material and Methods
References
- Barber FE, Baker DW, et al. Ultrasonic duplex echo Doppler scanner. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1974; 21: 109–113.
- Barber FE, Baker DW, et al. Duplex scanner II for simultaneous imaging of artery tissues and flow. Ultrason Symp Proc IEEE 1974; 74CH0896-ISU.
- Strandness, DE Jr. Duplex scanning in vascular disorders, 3rd edn. New York: Lippincott/William Wilkins, 2001, 1993.
- Beach KW. Physics and instrumentation for ultrasonic duplex scanning. In: DE Strandness, ed. Duplex scanning in vascular disorders, 3rd edn. New York: Lippincott/Williams Wilkins, Appendix, 2001.
- Baker DW. Pulsed ultrasonic Doppler blood flow sensing. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1970; 17: 170–185.
- Knox RA, Phillips DJ, et al. Empirical findings relating sample volume size to diagnostic accuracy in pulsed Doppler cerebrovascular studies. J Clin Ultrasound 1982; 10: 227–232.
- Phillips DJ, Greene FM, et al. Flow velocity patterns in the carotid bifurcations of young presumed normal subjects. Ultrasound Med Biol 1983; 9: 19–49.
- Ku DN, Giddens DP, et al. Hemodynamics of the normal human carotid bifurcation. I. Flow visualization. Ultrasound Med Biol 1985; 11: 13–26.
- Kremkau, FW. Diagnostic ultrasound, principles, instruments, and exercises. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1989.
-
Langlois YE,
Roederer GO,
Strandness DE Jr.
Ultrasonic evaluation of the carotid bifurcation.
Echocardiography
1987;
4:
141–149.
10.1111/j.1540-8175.1987.tb01329.x Google Scholar
- Hoffman U, Edwards JM, et al. Role of duplex scanning for the detection of athrosclerotic renal artery disease. Kidney Int 1991; 39: 1232–1239.
- Phillips DJ, Beach KW, et al. Should results of ultrasound Doppler studies be reported in units of frequency or velocity? Ultrasound Med Biol 1989; 15: 205.
- Zierler RE, Phillips DJ, et al. Noninvasive assessment of normal carotid bifurcation hemodynamics with colorflow ultrasonic imaging. Ultrasound Med Biol 1987, 13: 471–476.
- Hatsukami TS, Primozich J, et al. Color Doppler characteristics in normal lower extremity arteries. Ultrasound Med Biol 1992; 16: 167–171.
- Hatsukami TS, Primozich J, et al. Color Doppler imaging of lower extremity arterial disease: a prospective validation study. J Vasc Surg 1992; 16: 527–533.
- Phillips DJ, Powers JE, et al. Detection of peripheral vascular disease using duplex scanner III. Ultrasound Med Biol 1980; 6: 205–218.
- North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 445–453.
- Barnett HJ, Taylor DW, Eliasziw M, et al. Benefit of carotid endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic moderate or severe stenosis. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators [see comments]. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 1415–1425.
- European Carotid Surgery Trialists' Collaborative Group. MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial: interim results for symptomatic patients with severe (70–99%) or with mild stenosis. Lancet 1991; 337: 1235–1243.
- Farrell B, Fraser A, Sandercock P, Slattery J, Warlow CP, Eur Carotid Surg Trial Collaborat Group. Randomised trial of endarterectomy for recently symptomatic carotid stenosis: final results of the MRC European carotid surgery trial (ECST). Lancet 1998; 351: 1379–1387.
- Moneta GL, Edwards JM, et al. Correlation of North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) angiographic definition of 70% to 99% internal carotid artery stenosis with duplex scanning. J Vasc Surg 1993; l7: 152–160.
- Fujitani RM, Mills JWLM, et al. The effect of unilateral internal carotid occlusion upon contralateral duplex criteria for accurate interpretation. J Vasc Surg 1992; 16: 459–468.
- Roederer GO, Langlois YE, et al. The natural history of carotid arterial disease in asymptomatic patients with cervical bruits. Stroke 1984; 15: 605–613.
- Grosvel WJHM, Lawson JA, et al. Clinical and hemodynamic significance of innominate artery lesions evaluated by ultrasonography and digital angiography. Stroke 1988; 19: 958–962.
- Roederer GO, Langlois YE, et al. Is siphon disease important in predicting the outcome of carotid endarterectomy? Arch Surg 1983; 118: 1177–1181.
- Dawson DL, Zierler RE, Kohler, TR. Role of arteriography in the preoperative evaluation of carotid artery disease. Am J Surg 1991; 161: 619.624
- Dawson DL, Zierler RE, et al. The role of duplex scanning and arteriography before carotid endarterectomy; a prospective study. J Vasc Surg 1993; 18: 673–683.
- Healy DA, Clowes AW, et al. Immediate and long-term results of carotid endarterectomy. Stroke 1989; 20: 1138–1142.
- Nicholls SC, Phillips DJ, et al. Carotid endartetectomy: relationship of outcome to early restenosis. J Vasc Surg 1985; 2: 375–381.
- Carter SA. The relationship of distal systolic blood pressures to healing of skin lesions in limbs with arterial occlusive disease, with special reference to diabetes mellitus. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1973; 31 (Suppl 128): 239–243.
- Strandness DE Jr., Bell, JW. Peripheral vascular disease: diagnosis and objective evaluation using a mercury strain gauge. Ann Surg 1965; 161 (Suppl): 1–35.
- Strandness DE Jr. Exercise testing in the evaluation of patients undergoing direct arterial surgery. J Cardiovasc Surg 1970; 11: 192–200.
- Strandness DE, Bell, JW. Ankle blood pressure responses after reconstructive arterial surgery. Surgery 1966; 59: 514–516.
- Strandness DE Jr., Carter SA. Outcome criteria in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Ann Vasc Surg 1993; 7: 491–496.
- Kohler TR, Nance DR, et al. Duplex scanning for diagnosis of aortoiliac and femoropopliteal disease: a prospective study. Circulation 1987; 76: 1074–1080.
- Jager RA, Phillips DJ, et al. Noninvasive mapping of lower limb arterial lesions. Ultrasound Med Biol 1985; 11: 515–521.
- May AG, Vande Berg L, et al. Critical arterial stenosis. Surgery 1963: 54: 250–259.
- Carter SA. Response of ankle systolic pressure to leg exercise in mild or questionable arterial disease. N Engl J Med 1972; 287: 578–582.
- Kohler TR, Andos G, et al. Can duplex scanning replace arteriography for lower extremity arterial disease? Ann Vasc Surg 1990; 4: 280–287.
- Edwards JM, Coldwell DM, et al. The role of duplex scanning in the selection of patients for translunimal angioplasty. J Vasc Surg 1991; 13: 69–74.
- Leather RP, Kupkinski AM. Preoperative evaluation of the saphenous vein ad a suitable graft. Semin Vasc Surg 1988; 1: 51.
-
Clowes AW.
Arterial wall response to injury and healing.
J Vasc Surg
1989;
9:
373–375.
10.1016/0741-5214(89)90061-X Google Scholar
- Bandyk DF, Schmitt DD, et al. Monitoring functional patency of in situ saphenous vein bypasses: the impact of a surveillance protocol and elective revision. J Vasc Surg 1989; 9: 286–296.
- Bandyk DF. Postoperative surveillance of infrainguinal bypass grafts. Surg Clin North Am 1990; 70: 71–75.
- Idu MM, Blankenstein JD, et al. Impact of colorflow duplex surveillance program on infrainguinal graft patency: a five year experience. J Vasc Surg 1993; 17: 42–53.
- Mattos MA, van Bemmelen PS, et al. Does correction of stenoses identified by color duplex scanning improve infrainguinal graft patency? J Vasc Surg 1993; 17: 54.66
- Vesti BR, Primozich J, Bergelin RO, Strandness DE, Jr. Followup of valves in saphenous vein bypass grafts with duplex ultrasonography. J Vasc Surg 2001; 33: 369–374.
- Tullis MJ, Primozich J, Strandness DE, Jr. Detection of “functional” valves in reversed saphenous vein bypass grafts: identification with duplex ultrasonography. J Vasc Surg 1997; 25: 522–527.
- Gibson KD, Caps MT, Gillen D, Bergelin RO, Primozich J, Strandness DE, Jr. Identification of factors predictive of lower extremity vein graft thrombosis. J Vasc Surg 2001; 33: 24–30.
- Caps MT, Cantwell-Gab K, Bergelin RO, Strandness DE, Jr. Vein graft lesions: Time of onset and rate of progression. J Vasc Surg 1995; 22: 466–475.
- Jager KA, Fortner GS, et al. Noninvasive diagnosis of intestinal angina. J Clin Ultrasound 1984; 12: 588–591.
- Jager KA, Bollinger A, et al. Measurement of mesenteric blood flow by duplex scanning. J Vasc Surg 1986; 3: 462–469.
- Nicholls SC, Kohler TR, et al. Use of hemodynamic parameters in the diagnosis of mesenteric insufficiency. J Vasc Surg 1986; 3: 507–510.
- Moneta GL, Lee RW, et al. Mesenteric duplex scanning: a blinded prospective study. J Vasc Surg 1993; 17: 79–86.
- Moneta GL, Cummings C, et al. Duplex ultrasound demonstration of postprandial mesenteric hyperemia in splanchnic circulation collateral vessels J Vasc Tech 1991; 15: 37–39.
- Moneta GL, Tayler DC, Helton WS Duplex ultrasound measurement of postprandial intestinal blood flow: effect of meal composition. Gastroenterology 1988; 95: 1294–1301.
- Treadway KK, Slater, EE. Renovascular hypertension. Ann Rev Med 1984; 35: 665–691.
- Grim GE, Loft FC, Weinberger, MH. Sensitivity and specificity of screening tests for renal vascular hypertension. Ann Intern Med 1979; 91: 617–622.
- Kohler TR, Zierler RE, et al. Noninvasive diagnosis of renal artery stenosis by ultrasonic duplex scanning. J Vasc Surg 1986; 4: 450–456.
- Taylor DC, Kettler MD, et al. Duplex ultrasound in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis: a prospective evaluation. J Vasc Surg 1988; 7: 363–369.
- Haimovici H, Zinicola, N. Experimental renal artery stenosis: diagnostic significance of arterial hemodynamics. J Cardiovasc Surg 1962; 3: 259–262.
- Caps MT, Perissinotto C, Zierler R, Pollisar NL, Bergelin RO, Tullis MJ, Cantwell-Gab K, Davidson RC, Strandness DE, Jr. Prospective study of atherosclerotic disease progression in the renal artery. Circulation 98: 2866–2872.
- Caps MT, Zierler RE, Polissar NL, Bergelin RO, Beach KW, Cantwell-Gab K, et al. Risk of atrophy in kidneys with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. Kidney Int 1998; 53: 735–742.
- Edwards JM, Zaccardi MJ, Strandness, DE Jr. A preliminary study of the role of duplex scanning in defining the adequacy of treatment of patients with renal artery fibromuscular dysplasia. J Vasc Surg 1992; 15: 604–609.
- Guzman RP. Progressive renal atrophy with renal artery stenosis: a prospective evaluation with duplex ultrasound. Hypertension 1994; 23: 346–350.
- Zierler RE, Isaacson JA, et al. Natural history of renal artery stenosis: a prospective study with duplex ultrasound. J Vasc Surg 1994; 19: 250–258.
- Kakkar VV, Howe CT, et al. Natural history of postoperative deep venous thrombosis. Lancet 1969; 2: 219–232.
- Haeger K. Problems of acute venous thrombosis: I. The interpretation of symptoms and signs. Angiology 1969; 20: 219–223.
- Cranley JJ, Canos AJ, Sull WJ. The diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis: fallibility of clinical symptoms and signs. Arch Surg 1976; 111: 34–36.
- Killewich LA, Bedford GR, et al. Diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis: a prospective study comparing duplex scanning to contrast venography. Circulation 1989; 79: 810–814.
- Lensing AWA. Prandoni, P, et al. Detection of deep vein thrombosis by real time B-mode ultrasonographv. N Eug I J Med 1989; 320: 342–345.
- Tullis MJ, Meissner MH, Bergelin RO, et al. The relationship of venous diameter to reflux, cephalad thrombus and cephalad reflux following deep venous thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 1997; 77: 462–465.
- van Bemmelen PS, Beach KW, et al. The mechanism of venous valve closure: its relationship to the velocity of reverse flow. Arch Surg 1990; 125: 617–619.
- van Bemmelen PS, Bedford G, Strandness DE, Jr. Quantitative segmental evaluation of venous valvular reflux with ultrasonic duplex scanning. J Vasc Surg 1989; 10: 425–431.
- Killewich LA, Martin R, et al. Pathophysiology of venous claudication. J Vasc Surg 1984; 1: 507–511.
- Killewich LA, Bedford GR, et al. Spontaneous lysis of deep venous thrombosis: rate and outcome. J Vasc Surg 1989; 9: 89–97.
- Markel A, Manzo RA, et al. Valvular reflux after deep vein thrombosis: incident and time of occurrence. J Vasc Surg 1992; 15: 377–384.
- Meissner MH. Manzo, RA, et al. Deep venous insufficiency: the relationship between lysis and subsequent reflux. J Vasc Surg 1993; 18: 596–608.
- van Ramshorst B, van Bemmelen PS, et al. Thrombus regression in deep venous thrombosis: quantification of spontaneous thrombolysis with duplex scanning. Circulation 1992, 86: 414–419.
- van Bemmelen PS, Bedford G, et al. Status of the valves in superficial and deep venous system in chronic venous disease. Surgery 1991; 9: 730–734.
- Meissner MH, Manzo RA, Bergelin RO, Strandness DE, Jr. Venous diameter and compliance after deep venous thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 1994; 72: 372–376.
- Aaslid R, Markwalder TM, Nornes, H. Noninvasive transcranial Doppler ultrasound recording of flow velocity in the basal arteries. J Neurosurg 1982; 57: 769–774.
- Otis SM Ringelstein FB. Transcranial Doppler sonography. In: WJ Zweibel, ed. Introduction to vascular ultrasonography. Philadelphia: WB Saunders 1992: 145–171.
- Ringelstein EB, Zeumer H, et al. Transkranielle Doppler-sonographie der hirnversorgenden arterien: Atrau-matische diagnostic von stenosed and verschluessen des carotissiphons und der a cerebri media. Nevenartz 1985; 56: 296.
- Ringelstein EB. A practical guide to transcranial Doppler sonography. In: J Weinberg, ed. Noninvasive imaging of cerebral vascular disease. New York: Alan R Liss, 1989: 75.
- Spencer MP, Whisler D. Transorbital diagnosis of intracranial arterial stenosis. Stroke 1986; 17: 916–921.
- Reivich M, Hollins HE, et al. Reversal of blood flow through the vertebral artery and its effects of cerebral circulation. N Engl J Med 1961; 265: 878–885.
- Bornstein NM, Norris, JW. Subclavian steal syndrome: a harmless hemodynamic phenomenon. Lancet 1986; 2: 303–305.
- Grosveld WJHM, Lawson JH, et al. Clinical and hemodynamic significance of innominate artery lesions evaluated by ultrasonography and digital angiography. Stroke 1988; 19: 958–962.
- Ackerstaff RGA, Grosveld WJHM, et al. Ultrasonic duplex scanning of prevertebral segment of the vertebral artery in patients with cerebral atherosclerosis. Eur J Vasc Surg 1988; 2: 387–393.
- Ackerstaff RGA, Schroeder TV. Intraoperative monitoring with transcranial Doppler sonography. In: EF Bernstein; ed. Vascular diagnosis. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1993: 361–366.
- Bernstein EF. Role of transcranial Doppler in carotid surgery. Surg Clin North Am 1990; 70: 225–234.
- Harders A, Gilsbach JM. Time course of blood velocity changes related to vasospasm in the circle of Willis measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasound. J Neurosurg 1987; 66: 718–728.
- Markwalder TM, Grolimund P, et al. Dependency of blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery on end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure — a transcranial Doppler study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1984; 4: 368–372.
