In the cascade of uprisings that followed Louis XVI's reluctant convening of the Estates General to address a fiscal and political crisis precipitated by imperial overreach, failing harvests, and the bankruptcy of the French state, the monarchical, feudal, and ecclesiastical pillars of what was immediately dubbed the ancien régime were swept away. By the end of 1789, spurred on by great popular enthusiasm, the Estates General had transmogrified into a unicameral National Assembly, the privileges of the nobility and clergy had been abolished (willingly for some), and an interim body had been set up to draft a new constitution, to be modeled, at first, on that of post-1688 England. As well, the National Assembly had proclaimed a charter of Rights and Duties of Man and Citizen, including religious freedom, and formally ended feudalism and serfdom. While Paris was the center of these activities the revolution had spread to other urban centers like Lyons and Marseilles, and the rural poor had taken matters in their own hands, refusing taxes, tithes, and seigneurial dues, and looting chateaux and religious houses. The capital itself was awash with section committees, political clubs, agitational newspapers, and, beginning with the July Days and the storming of the Bastille, the increasingly radical actions of the laboring and artisanal sans-culottes.