Advanced composite components with integrated sensors and actuators become increasingly important due to the demand for very large, low-mass devices. Using shape memory alloys (SMA) as fiber reinforcement gives structures numerous adaptive capabilities. The shape memory effect can be described very basically as follows: An alloy in the low-temperature martensitic phase, when plastically deformed and the external stress removed, will regain its original (memory) shape when heated. The complex behaviour is the consequence of the martensitic-austenitic phase transition with twin formation in the martensitic phases.

Capacity of SMA for high forces, their excellent displacement reliability with temperature control and one of the highest work densities known make them especially suitable for active elements in “intelligent compounds”.