Murein (Peptidoglycan)

Part 5. Polysaccharides
Dr. Christoph Heidrich

Dr. Christoph Heidrich

Landesunfallkasse NRW, Abteilung Prävention, Ulenbergstrasse 1, Düsseldorf, Germany, D-40223

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Dr. Waldemar Vollmer

Dr. Waldemar Vollmer

Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Abteilung Biochemie, Spemannstraße 35/II, Tübingen, D-72076

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First published: 15 January 2005

Abstract

  • Introduction
  • Historical Outline
  • Isolation, Analysis and Structure of Murein
    • Isolation of Murein
    • The Basic Chemical Structure of Murein
      • Species-specific Structural Variation (Murein Types)
      • Secondary Modifications in the Murein Structure
      • Covalent Attachment of Cell Wall Components to the Murein Sacculus
    • The Fine Structure of Murein
      • Analysis of the Length Distribution of the Murein Glycan Strands
      • Analysis of the Muropeptide Composition
    • Variability of the Species-specific Murein Composition
    • Three-dimensional Structure of Murein
  • Biosynthesis of Murein
    • Biosynthesis of the Murein Precursor Lipid II
      • Formation of UDP-MurNAc(pentapeptide) in the Cytoplasm
      • Formation of the Lipid Intermediates
    • Murein Synthases and Hydrolases
    • Growth Mechanism of the Murein Sacculus
      • Safe Strategies for the Enlargement of the Stress-bearing Murein
      • “Three-for-one” Model (Höltje, 1996) “Three-for-one” Model
    • Recycling of the Turnover Products
    • Inhibition of Murein Biosynthesis
  • Molecular Genetics of Murein Biosynthesis
  • Exogenous Murein Hydrolases
  • Biological Activities of Murein
  • Production
  • Current Problems and Outlook
  • Acknowledgments

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