Exopolysaccharides of Lactic Acid Bacteria
Ir. Isabel Hallemeersch
- [email protected]
- +32-9-264-6029 | Fax: +32-9-264-6231
Ghent University, Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Coupure links 653, Gent, Belgium, B-9000
Search for more papers by this authorIr. Sophie De Baets
- [email protected]
- +32-9-264-6028 | Fax: +32-9-264-6231
Ghent University, Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Coupure links 653, Gent, Belgium, B-9000
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. Ir. Erick J. Vandamme
- [email protected]
- +32-9-264-6027 | Fax: +32-9-264-6231
Ghent University, Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Coupure links 653, Gent, Belgium, B-9000
Search for more papers by this authorIr. Isabel Hallemeersch
- [email protected]
- +32-9-264-6029 | Fax: +32-9-264-6231
Ghent University, Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Coupure links 653, Gent, Belgium, B-9000
Search for more papers by this authorIr. Sophie De Baets
- [email protected]
- +32-9-264-6028 | Fax: +32-9-264-6231
Ghent University, Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Coupure links 653, Gent, Belgium, B-9000
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. Ir. Erick J. Vandamme
- [email protected]
- +32-9-264-6027 | Fax: +32-9-264-6231
Ghent University, Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Coupure links 653, Gent, Belgium, B-9000
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
- Introduction
- Historical Outline
- Chemical Structure
- Occurrence
- Physiological Function
- Chemical Analysis and Detection
- Separation of EPS and Microbial Cells
- Isolation and Purification
- Structural Analysis
- Biosynthesis
- Genetics and Regulation
- Factors Influencing Growth and EPS Production
- Effect of Physico-chemical Parameters
- Effect of Nutritional Parameters
- Kinetics of EPS Biosynthesis
- Applications
References
- Andaloussi, S. A., Talbaoui, H., Marczak, R., Bonaly, R. (1995) Isolation and characterization of exocellular polysaccharides produced by Bifidobacterium longum, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 43, 995.
- Ariga, H., Urashima, T., Michihata, E., Ito, M., Morizono, N., Kimura, T., Takahashi, S. (1992) Extracellular polysaccharide from encapsulated Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus OR 901 isolated from commercial yogurt, J. Food Sci. 57, 625–628.
- Boels, I. C., Kleerebezem, M., Hugenholtz, J., de Vos, W. M. (1998) Metabolic engineering of exopolysaccharide production in Lactococcus lactis, in: Proceedings, 5th ASM on the genetics and molecular biology of streptococci, enterococci and lactococci, 66.
- Bolotin, A., Mauger, S., Malarme, K., Sorokin, A., Ehrlich, D. S. (1998) Lactococcus lactis IL1403 diagnostic genomics, in: Proceedings, 5th ASM on the genetics and molecular biology of streptococci, enterococci and lactococci, 10–11.
-
Bouwman, S.,
Lund, D.,
Driessen, F. M.,
Schmidt, D. G.
(1982)
Growth of thermoresistant streptococci and deposition of milk constituents on plates of heat exchangers during long operating times,
Food Prot. 45,
806–812.
10.4315/0362-028X-45.9.806 Google Scholar
- Cerning, J. (1990) Exocellular polysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria, FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 87, 113–130.
- Cerning, J. (1994) Polysaccharides exocellulaires produits par les bactéries lactiques, in: Bactéries Lactiques: Aspects fondamentaux et technologiques ( H. de Roissart, F. M. Luquet, Eds), Uriage: Lorica, 309–329.
- Cerning, J. (1995) Production of exopolysaccharides by lactic acid bacteria and dairy propionibacteria, Le Lait 75, 463–472.
- Cerning, J., Bouillanne, C., Desmazeaud, M. J. (1986) Isolation and characterization of exocellular polysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Biotechnol. Lett. 8, 625–628.
- Cerning, J., Bouillanne, C., Landon, M., Desmazeaud, M. J. (1990) Comparison of exocellular polysaccharide production by thermophilic lactic acid bacteria, Sciences des Aliments 10, 443–451.
- Dellaglio, F. (1994) Caractéristiques générales des bactéries lactiques, in: Bactéries Lactiques: Aspects fondamentaux et technologiques ( H. de Roissart, F. M. Luquet, Eds), Uriage: Lorica, 10–58.
- De Vos, W. M. (1996) Metabolic engineering of sugar catabolism in lactic acid bacteria, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 70, 223–242.
- De Vos, W. M., Vaughan, E. E. (1994) Genetics of lactose utilization in lactic acid bacteria, FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 15, 216–237.
- De Vuyst, L., Degeest, B. (1999a) Exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria: technological bottlenecks and practical solutions, Macromol. Symp. 140, 31–41.
- De Vuyst, L., Degeest, B. (1999b) Heteropolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria, FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 23, 153–177.
-
De Vuyst, L.,
Vandamme, E. J.
(1994)
Lactic acid bacteria and bacteriocins: their practical importance, in: Bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria, microbiology, genetics and applications ( L. De Vuyst, E. J. Vandamme, Eds), London: Blackie Academic and Professional,
1–11.
10.1007/978-1-4615-2668-1_1 Google Scholar
- Doco, T., Carcano, D., Ramos, P., Loones, A., Fournet, B. (1991) Rapid isolation and estimation of polysaccharide from fermented skim milk with Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus by coupled anion exchange and gel permeation high-performance liquid chromatography, J. Dairy Res. 58, 147–150.
- Faber, E. J., van den Haak, M. J., Kamerling, J. P., Vliegenthart, J. F. G. (2001) Structure of the exopolysaccharide produced by Streptococcus thermophilus S3, Carbohydr. Res. 331, 173–182.
- Forsén, R., Häivä, V. (1981) Induction of stable slime-forming and mucoid states by p-fluorophenylalanine in lactic streptococci, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 12, 409–413.
- Gancel, F., Novel, G. (1994) Exopolysaccharide production by Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus cultures: two distinct modes of polymer production and degradation among clonal variants, J. Appl. Bacteriol. 77, 689–695.
- Garcia-Garibay, M., Marshall, V. M. (1991) Polymer production by Lactobacillus delbreuckii ssp. bulgaricus, J. Appl. Bacteriol. 70, 325–328.
- Gassem, M. A., Schmidt, K. A., Frank, J. F. (1995) Exopolysaccharide production in different media by lactic acid bacteria, Cult. Dairy Prod. J. 30, 18–21.
- Gibson, G. R., Roberfroid, M. D. (1995) Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics, J. Nutr. 124, 1401–1412.
- Gilbert, C., Robinson, K., LePage, R. W. F., Wells, J. M. (1998) Heterologous biosynthesis of pneumococcal type 3 capsule in Lactococcus lactis and immunogenicity studies, in: Proceedings, 5th ASM on the genetics and molecular biology of streptococci, enterococci and lactococci, 67.
- Grobben, G. J., Sikkema, J., Smith, M. R., De Bont, J. A. M. (1995) Production of extracellular polysaccharides by Lactobacillus delbreuckii ssp. bulgaricus NCFB 2772 grown in a chemically defined medium, J. Appl. Bacteriol. 79, 103–107.
- Grobben, G. J., Smith, M. R., Sikkema, J., De Bont, J. A. M. (1996) Influence of fructose and glucose on the production of exopolysaccharides and the activities of enzymes involved in the sugar metabolism and the synthesis of sugar nucleotides in Lactobacillus delbreuckii subsp. bulgaricus NCFB 2772, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 46, 279–284.
- Grobben, G. J., Van Casteren, W. H. M., Schols, H. A., Oosterveld, A., Sala, G., Smith, M. R., Sikkema, J., De Bont, J. A. M. (1997) Analysis of the exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus delbreuckii subsp. bulgaricus NCFB 2772 grown in continuous culture on glucose and fructose, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 48, 516–521.
- Groux, M. (1973) Kritische betrachtungen der heutigen joghurt-herstellung mit berücksichtigung des proteinabbaues, Schweiz. Milchz. 4, 2–8.
- Hashimoto, W., Murata, K. (1998) α-L-Rhamnosidase of Sphingomonas sp. R1 producing an unusual exopolysaccharide of sphingan, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 62, 1068–1074.
- Hosono, A., Lee, J., Ametani, A., Natsume, M., Adachi, T., Kaminogawa, S. (1997) Characterization of a water-soluble polysaccharide fraction with immunopotentiating activity from Bifidobacterium adolescentis M101-4, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 61, 312–316.
- Jann, K., Jann, B. (1977) Bacterial polysaccharide antigens, in: Surface Carbohydrates of the Prokaryotic Cell ( I. W. Sutherland, Ed.), New York: Academic Press, 247–287.
- Kandler, O., Kunath, P. (1983) Lactobacillus kefir sp. nov., a component of the microflora of kefir, Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 4, 286–294.
- Kennedy, L., Sutherland, I. W. (1994) Gellan lyases – novel polysaccharide lyase, Microbiology 140, 3007–3013.
- Kitazawa, H., Yamaguchi, T., Miura, M., Saito, T., Itoh, H. (1993) B-cell mitogen produced by slime-forming, encapsulated Lactococcus lactis subspecies cremoris isolated from ropy sour milk, viili, J. Dairy Sci. 76, 1514–1519.
- Kleerebezem, M., van Kranenburg, R., Tuinier, R., Boels, I. C., Zoon, P., Looijesteijn, E., Hugenholtz, J., de Vos, W. M. (1999) Exopolysaccharides produced by Lactococcus lactis: from genetic engineering to improved rheological properties, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 76, 657–665.
- Kleerebezem, M., Hols, P., Hugenholtz, J. (2000) Lactic acid bacteria as a cell factory: rerouting of carbon metabolism in Lactococcus lactis by metabolic engineering, Enzyme Microb. Technol. 26, 840–848.
- Kojic, M., Vujcic, M., Banina, A., Cocconcelli, P., Cerning, J., Topisirovic, L. (1992) Analysis of exopolysaccharide production by Lactobacillus casei CG11, isolated from cheese, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58, 4086–4088.
- Kontusaari, S., Forsèn, R. (1988) Finnish fermented milk “Viili”: involvement of two cell surface proteins in production of slime by Streptococcus lactis spp. cremoris, J. Dairy Sci. 71, 3197–3202.
- Korkeala, H., Suortti, T., Mäkelä, P. (1988) Ropy slime formation in vacuum-packed cooked meat products caused by homofermentative Lactobacilli and a Leuconostoc species, Int. J. Food Microbiol. 7, 339–347.
- Low, D., Ahlgren, J. A., Horne, D., McMahon, D. J., Oberg, C., Broadbent, J. R. (1998) Role of Streptococcus thermophilus MR-1C capsular exopolysaccharide in cheese moisture retention, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64, 2140–2147.
- Mäkelä, P. M., Korkeala, H. J. (1992) The ability of the ropy slime-producing lactic acid bacteria to form ropy colonies on different culture media and at different incubation temperatures and atmospheres, Int. J. Food Microbiol. 16, 161–166.
- Manca de Nadra, M. C., Strasser de Saad, A. M., Pesce de Ruiz Holgado, A. A., Oliver, G. (1985) Extracellular polysaccharide production by Lb. bulgaricus CRL 420, Milchwissenschaft 40, 409–411.
- Marshall, V. M., Rawson, H. L. (1999) Effects of exopolysaccharide-producing strains of thermophilic lactic acid bacteria on the texture of stirred yoghurt, Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 34, 137–143.
- Marshall, V. M., Cowie, E. N., Moreton, R. S. (1995) Analysis and production of two exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus casei, J. Dairy Res. 62, 621–628.
- Marshall, V. M., Dunn, H., Elvin, M., McLay, N., Gu, Y., Laws, A. P. (2001) Structural characterisation of the exopolysaccharide produced by Streptococcus thermophilus EU20, in: Proceedings, 1st International Symposium on Exopolysaccharides from Lactic acid bacteria. Brussels, Belgium: VUB, 12.
- Morin, A. (1998) Screening for polysaccharide-producing microorganisms, factors influencing the production, and recovery of microbial polysaccharides, in: Polysaccharides: Structural Diversity and Functional Versatility ( S. Dumitriu, Ed.), New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., vol. 8, 275–296.
- Mozzi, F., de Giori, G. S., Oliver, G., de Valdez, G. F. (1994) Effect of culture pH on the growth characteristics and polysaccharide production by Lactobacillus casei, Milchwissenschaft 49, 667–670.
- Mozzi, F., Oliver, G., de Giori, G. S., de Valdez, G. F. (1995) Influence of temperature on the production of exopolysaccharides by thermophilic lactic acid bacteria, Milchwissenschaft 50, 80–82.
- Mozzi, F., de Giori, G. S., Oliver, G., de Valdez, G. F. (1996) Exopolysaccharide production by Lactobacillus casei under controlled pH, Biotechnol. Lett. 18, 435–439.
- Nakajima, H., Toyoda, S. (1990) A novel phosphopolysaccharide from slime-forming Lactococcus lactis subspecies cremoris SBT 0495, J. Dairy Sci. 73, 1472–1477.
- Nakajima, H., Suzuki, Y., Kaizu, H., Hirota, T. (1992) Cholesterol-lowering activity of ropy fermented milk, J. Food Sci. 57, 1327–1329.
- Neu, T. R., Marshall, K. C. (1990) Bacterial polymers: physicochemical aspects of their interactions at interfaces, J. Biomater. Appl. 5, 107–133.
- Neve, H., Geis, A., Teuber, M. (1988) Plasmid-encoded functions of ropy lactic acid streptococcal strains from Scandinavian fermented milk, Biochimie 70, 437–442.
- Nilsson, R., Nilsson, G. (1958) Studies concerning Swedish ropy milk, the antibiotic qualities of ropy milk, Arch. Microbiol. 31, 191–197.
- Oda, M., Hasegawa, H., Komatsu, S., Kambe, M., Tsuchiya, F. (1983) Anti-tumor polysaccharide from Lactobacillus sp., Agr. Biol. Chem. 47, 1623–1625.
-
Perry, D. B.,
McMahon, D. J.,
Oberg, C. J.
(1998)
Manufacture of low fat mozzarella cheese using exopolysaccharide-producing starter cultures,
J. Dairy Sci. 81,
561–563.
10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75608-5 Google Scholar
- Petry, S., Furlan, S., Crepeau, M. J., Cerning, J., Desmazeaud, M. (2000) Factors affecting exocellular polysaccharide production by Lactobacillus delbreuckii subsp. bulgaricus grown in a chemically defined medium, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66, 3427–3431.
- Pham, P. L., Dupont, I., Roy, D., Lapointe, G., Cerning, J. (2000) Production of exopolysaccharide by Lactobacillus rhamnosus R and analysis of its enzymatic degradation during prolonged fermentation, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66, 2302–2310.
- Rawson, H. L., Marshall, V. M. (1997) Effect of ropy strains of Lactobacillus delbreuckii ssp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus on rheology of stirred yogurt, Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 32, 213–220.
- Ricciardi, A., Clementi, F. (2000) Exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria: structure, production and technological applications, Ital. J. Food Sci. 12, 23–45.
- Robijn, G. W., Wienk, H. L. J., Van den Berg, D. J. C., Haas, H., Kamerling, J. P., Vliegenthart, J. F. G. (1996) Structural studies of the exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus paracasei 34-1, Carbohydr. Res. 285, 129–139.
- Smitinont, T., Tansakul, C., Tanasupawat, S., Keeratipibul, S., Navarini, I., Bosco, M., Cescutti, P. (1999) Exopolysaccharide-producing lactic acid bacteria strains from traditional Thai fermented foods: isolation, identification and exopolysaccharide characterization, Int. J. Food Microbiol. 51, 105–111.
- Staaf, M., Yang, Z., Huttunen, E., Widmalm, G. (2000) Structural elucidation of the viscous exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus helveticus Lb161, Carbohydr. Res. 326, 113–119
- Stingele, F. (1998) Exopolysaccharide production and engineering in dairy Streptococcus and Lactococcus, in: Proceedings, 5th ASM on the genetics and molecular biology of streptococci, enterococci and lactococci, 31–32.
- Stingele, F., Neeser, J. R., Mollet, B. (1996) Identification and characterization of the eps gene cluster from Streptococcus thermophilus Sfi6, J. Bacteriol. 178, 1680–1690.
- Sundman, V. (1953) On the protein character of a slime produced by Streptococcus cremoris in Finnish ropy sour milk, Acta Chem. Scand. 7, 558–560.
- Sutherland, I. W. (1972) Bacterial exopolysaccharides, Adv. Microbiol. Physiol. 8, 143.
- Sutherland, I. W. (1982) Biosynthesis of microbial exopolysaccharides, in: Advances in Microbial Physiology ( A.H. Rose, Ed.), London: Academic Press, Vol. 33, 78–150.
- Sutherland, I. W. (1990) Biotechnology of Microbial Exopolysaccharides, Cambridge, Sydney: Cambridge University Press, 163.
- Sutherland, I. W. (1994) Structure–function relationships in microbial exopolysaccharides, Biotech. Adv. 12, 393–448.
- Tamime, A. Y. (1978) Some aspects of the production of a concentrated yoghurt (labneh) popular in the Middle East, Milchwissenschaft 33, 209–212.
- Toba, T., Nakajima, H., Tobitani, A., Adachi, S. (1990) Scanning electron microscopic and texture studies on characteristic consistency of Nordic ropy sour milk, Int. J. Food Microbiol. 11, 313–320.
- Toba, T., Kotani, T., Adachi, S. (1991) Capsular polysaccharide of a slime-forming Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris LAPT 3001 isolated from Swedish fermented milk longfil, Int. J. Food Microbiol. 12, 167–172.
- Troy, F. A. (1979) The chemistry and biosynthesis of selected bacterial polymers, Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 33, 519–560.
- Troy, F. A., Frerman, F. A., Heath, E. C. (1971) Biosynthesis of capsular polysaccharides in Aerobacter aerogenes, J. Biol. Chem. 243, 118–133.
- Van Calsteren, M. (2001) Structural characterisation of the exopolysaccharide produced by different strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus paracasei, in: Proceedings, 1st International Symposium on Exopolysaccharides from Lactic acid bacteria, 13.
- Van den Berg, D. J. C., Smits, A., Pot, B., Ledeboer, A. M., Kersters, K., Verbrakel, J. M. A., Verrips, C. T. (1993) Isolation, screening and identification of lactic acid bacteria from traditional food fermentation processes and culture collections, Food Biotechnol. 7, 189–205.
- Van den Berg, D. J. C., Robijn, G. W., Janssen, A. C., Giusepin, M. L. F., Vreeker, R., Kamerling, J. P., Vliegenthart, J. F. G., Ledeboer, A. M., Verrips, C. T. (1995) Production of a novel extracellular polysaccharide by Lactobacillus sake 0-1 and characterization of the polysaccharide, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61, 2840–2844.
- Van Kranenburg, R., Vos, H. R., Van Swam, I., Kleerebezem, M., De Vos, W. M. (1999) Functional analysis of glycosyltransferase genes from Lactococcus and other Gram-positive cocci: complementation, expression and diversity, J. Bacteriol. 181, 6347–6353.
- Vedamuthu, E. R., Neville, J. M. (1986) Involvement of a plasmid in production of ropiness in milk cultures by Streptococcus cremoris, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61, 2840–2844.
- Vliegenthart, J. F. G., Faber, E. J., Kamerling, J. P. (2001) Studies on structure of exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria, in: Proceedings, 1st International Symposium on Exopolysaccharides from Lactic acid bacteria. Brussels, Belgium: VUB, 11.
- Wacher-Rodarte, C., Galvan, M., Farres, A., Gallardo, F., Marshall, V. M. E., Garcia-Garibay, M. (1993) Yogurt production from reconstituted skim milk powders using different polymer and non-polymer forming starter cultures, J. Dairy Res. 60, 247–254.
- Yokoi, H., Watanabe, T., Fuji, Y., Toba, T., Adachi, S. (1990) Isolation and characterization of polysaccharide-producing bacteria from kefir grains, J. Dairy Sci. 73, 1684–1689.
Citing Literature
Biopolymers Online: Biology • Chemistry • Biotechnology • Applications
Browse other articles of this reference work: