Polylactides “NatureWorks® PLA”

Introduction
Historical Outline
Production of PLA
- Polymerization of Lactide
PLA Packaging Applications and Performance
- Deadfold and Twist Retention
- High Gloss and Clarity
- Barrier Properties
- Low Temperature Heat Seal
- High-tensile Modulus Strength
- Film Characteristics
- Packaging Conclusions
PLA for Fibers and Nonwovens
- Applications and Properties
- Clothing
- Carpeting and Furnishings
- Other Fiber Application Areas
- Summary
Environmental Sustainability
- CO₂ Emissions
- Degradation and Hydrolysis
- Disposal Options
Outlook and Perspectives
Acknowledgments

References

Nijenhuis, A. J., Du, Y. J., Van Aert, H. A. M., Bastiaansen, C. (1995) Macromolecules 28, 2124.
10.1021/ma00111a004
Google Scholar
Bischoff, C. A., Walden, P. (1894) Ueber Derivate der Milchsäure, Liebigs Ann. Chem. 279, 71–99.
10.1002/jlac.18942790107
Google Scholar
Carothers, W. H., Dorough, G. L., Van Natta, F. J. (1932) Studies of polymerization and ring formation, X. The reversible polymerization of six-membered cyclic esters, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54, 761–772.
10.1021/ja01341a046
CAS Google Scholar
Chemical Week, May 2000, 162(18), 24E.
Google Scholar
Ichikawa, F., Kobayashi, M., Ohta, M., Yoshida, Y., Obuchi, S., Itoh, H. (1995) U.S. Patent 5 440 008.
Google Scholar
Forschungsinstitut Hohenstein (2000) Test Report no. ZO.4.3805. Comparison of Physiological Comfort of polyester (PET)/cotton and NatureWorks™ fibers/cotton fabrics, 24 May 2000.
Google Scholar
Kricheldorf, H. R. and Krieser, I. (1986) Makromol. Chem. 187, 1861.
Google Scholar
Kricheldorf, H. R., Kreiser-Saunders, I., Boettcher, C. (1995) Polymer 36(6), 1253.
10.1016/0032-3861(95)93928-F
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
Enomoto, K., Ajioka, M., Yamaguchi, A. (1995) U.S. Patent 5 310 865.
Google Scholar
Lipinsky, E. S., Sinclair, R.G. (1986) Chemical Engineering Progress, August.
Google Scholar
Ohta, M., Yoshida, Y., Obuchi, S., Yoshida, Y. (1995) U.S. Patent 5 440 143.
Google Scholar
Kurcok, P., Penczek, J., Franek, J., Kedlinski, Z. (1992) Macromolecules 25(9), 2285.
10.1021/ma00035a001
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
Gruber, P. R., Hall, E. S., Kolstad, J. J., Iwen, M. L., Benson, R. D., Borchardt, R.L. (1992a) U.S. Patent 5 142 023.
Google Scholar
Gruber, P. R., Hall, E. S., Kolstad, J. J., Iwen, M. L., Benson, R. D., Borchardt, R.L. (1992b) U.S. Patent 5 247 058.
Google Scholar
Gruber, P. R., Hall, E. S., Kolstad, J. J., Iwen, M. L., Benson, R. D., Borchardt, R.L. (1993a) U.S. Patent 5 247 059a.
Google Scholar
Gruber, P. R., Hall, E. S., Kolstad, J. J., Iwen, M. L., Benson, R. D., Borchardt, R.L. (1993b) U.S. Patent 5 258 488.
Google Scholar
Gruber, P. R., Hall, E. S., Kolstad, J. J., Iwen, M. L., Benson, R. D., Borchardt, R.L. (1993c) U.S. Patent 5 274 073.
Google Scholar
Gruber, P. R., Hall, E. S., Kolstad, J. J., Iwen, M. L., Benson, R. D., Borchardt, R.L. (1994) U.S. Patent 5 357 035.
Google Scholar
Gruber, P. R., Hall, E. S., Kolstad, J. J., Iwen, M. L., Benson, R. D., Borchardt, R.L. (1996) U.S. Patent 5 484 881.
Google Scholar
Pelouze, J. (1845) Mémoire sure l'acide lactique, Ann. chimie. 13, 257–268.
Google Scholar
Plastics Technology, January 1998, pp. 13–15.
Google Scholar
Narayan, R. (1993) Degradation of polymeric materials, in: Science and Engineering of Composting: Design, Environmental, Microbiological and Utilization Aspects ( H. A. Hoitink, H. N. Keener, Eds.), Ohio: Renaissance Publications.
Google Scholar
Ogical and Utilization Aspects ( H. A. Hoitink, H. N. Keener, Eds.), Ohio: Renaissance Publications, 10.
Google Scholar
Sinclair, R. G. (1977a) U.S. Patent 4 045 418.
Google Scholar
Sinclair, R. G. (1977b) U.S. Patent 4 057 537.
Google Scholar
Kashima, T., Kameoka, T., Ajioka, M., Yamaguchi, A. (1995) U.S. Patent 5 428 126.
Google Scholar
Watson, P. D. (1948) Lactic acid polymers as constituents of synthetic resins and coatings, Ind. Eng. Chem. 40, 1393–1397.
10.1021/ie50464a012
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar

Citing Literature

Biopolymers Online: Biology • Chemistry • Biotechnology • Applications

Browse other articles of this reference work:

Polylactides “NatureWorks® PLA”

Abstract

References

Citing Literature

References

Information

About Wiley Online Library

Help & Support

Opportunities

Connect with Wiley

Polylactides “NatureWorks® PLA”

Abstract

References

Citing Literature

References

Related

Information