Gain Mechanisms and Lasing in II–VI Compounds
M. F. Pereira Jr.
Fachbereich Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorK. Henneberger
Fachbereich Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorM. F. Pereira Jr.
Fachbereich Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorK. Henneberger
Fachbereich Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
In this paper, we present a microscopic theory for the physical mechanisms giving rise to lasing in II–VI semiconductor media. Both photons and carriers are consistently treated within the same fully quantum mechanical footing by means of nonequilibrium Keldysh Green's function techniques. The highly excited medium is described in terms of a strongly Coulomb correlated electron–hole plasma. Numerical results are presented for the emission, absorption and gain characteristics of ZnCdSe–ZnSSe MQWs in good agreement with recent experimental results.
References
- 1 T. Ohata, S. Itoh, N. Nakayama, S. Matsumoto, K. Nakano, M. Ozawa, H. Okuyama, S. Tomiya, M. Ikeda, and A. Ishibashi, phys. stat. sol. (b) 187, 279 (1995).
- 2 J. Y. Jen, T. Tsutsumi, I. Souma, Y. Oka, and H. Fujiyasu, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 32, L1542 (1993).
- 3 H. Kalt, J. H. Collet, Le Si Dang, J. Cibert, S. D. Baranovskii, Rosari Saleh, M. Umlauff, K. P. Geyzers, and M. Heuken, C. Klingshirn, Physica 191B, 90 (1993).
- 4 X. H. Yang, J. M. Hays, W. Shan, J. J. Song, and E. Cantwell, Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 1071 (1993).
- 5 Y. Kawakami, I. Hauksson, H. Stewart, J. Simpson, I. Galbraith, K. A. Prior, and B. C. Cavenett, Phys. Rev. B 48, 11994 (1994).
- 6 J. Ding, H. Jeon, T. Ishihara, M. Hagerott, A. V. Nurmikko, H. Luo, N. Samarth, and J. Furdyna, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1707 (1992).
- 7 J. Ding, M. Hagerott, T. Ishihara, H. Jeon, and A. V. Nurmikko, Phys. Rev. B 47, 10528 (1993).
- 8 J. Ding, M. Hagerott, P. Kelkar, A. V. Nurmikko, D. C. Grillo, L. He, J. Han, and R. L. Gunshor, Phys. Rev. B 50, 5787 (1994).
- 9 C. Klingshirn, H. Kalt, M. Umlauff, W. Petri, F. A. Majumder, S. V. Bogdanov, W. Langbein, M. Gruen, M. Hetterich, K. P. Geyzers, M. Heuken, A. Naumov, H. Stanzl, and W. Gebhardt, J. Cryst. Growth 138, 786 (1994).
- 10 F. Kreller, M. Lowisch, J. Puls, and F. Henneberger, II-VI Workshop Linz (Austria), 1994. F. Kreller, M. Lowisch, J. Puls, V. Rossin, A. Schuelzgen, J. Griesche, N. Hoffmann, M. Rabe, and F. Henneberger in: Proc. 22nd Internat. Conf. Physics of Semiconductors, Ed. D. Lockwood, World Scientific Publ. Co., Singapore 1995 (pp. 1352 to 1355).
- 11 R. Cingolani, R. Rinaldi, L. Calcagnile, P. Prete, P. Sciacovelli, L. Tapfer, L. Vanzetti, G. Mula, F. Bassani, L. Sorba, and A. Franciosi, Phys. Rev. B 49, 16769 (1994).
- 12 A. Diessel, W. Ebeling, J. Gutowski, B. Jobst, K. Schuelll, D. Hommel, and K. Henneberger, Phys. Rev. B 52, 4736 (1995).
- 13 A. Diessel, W. Ebeling, J. Gutowski, B. Jobst, K. Schuell, D. Hommel, M. F. Pereira, Jr., H. Gueldner, and K. Henneberger, J. Cryst. Growth 159, 1, 661 (1996).
- 14 P. Michler, A. Diessel, W. Ebeling, J. Gutowski, B. Jobst, D. Hommel, K. Schuell, J. Nuernberger, G. Landwehr, M. F. Pereira, and K. Henneberger, Bleaching of Excitons in II-VI Laser Diodes under Lasing Conditions, Proc. Internat. Symp. Blue Laser and Light Emitting Diodes, Eds. A. Yoshikawa, K. Kishino, M. Kobayashi, and T. Yasuda, Ohmsha Ltd., Tokyo, 1996, paper We-07 (pp. 147 to 150).
- 15 K. Henneberger and H. Haug, Phys. Rev. 38, 9759 (1988).
- 16 M. F. Pereira, Jr. and K. Henneberger, Phys. Rev. B 53, 16485 (1996).
- 17 L. V. Keldysh, Soviet Phys.– J. exper. theor. Phys. 20, 4 (1965).
- 18 H. Stolz, Einführung in die Vielelektronentheorie der Kristalle, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1974.
- 19 W. Schaefer and J. Treusch, Z. Phys. B 63, 407 (1986).
- 20 K. Henneberger and S. W. Koch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 1820 (1996).
- 21 M. F. Pereira, Jr., S. W. Koch, and W. W. Chow, J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B 10, 765 (1993).
- 22 M. Lindberg and S. W. Koch, Phys. Rev. B 38, 3342 (1988).
- 23 A. Girndt, F. Jahnke, A. Knorr, S. W. Koch, and W. W. Chow, phys. stat. sol. (b) 202, 725 (1997).
- 24 H. Stolz and R. Zimmermann, phys. stat. sol. (b) 94, 135 (1979).
- 25 M. F. Pereira, Jr. and K. Henneberger, submitted to Phys. Rev. B.
- 26 R. Zimmerman, Many-Particle Theory of Highly Excited Semiconductors, Teubner Texte zur Physik, Leipzig 1987.
- 27 M. F. Pereira Jr., R. Binder, and S. W. Koch, Appl. Phys. Lett. 63 279 (1994).
- 28 S. Hugues, A. Knorr, S. W. Koch, R. Binder, R. Indik, and J. V. Moloney, Solid State Commun. 100, 555 (1996).
- 29 H. Grempel, A. Diessel, W. Ebeling, J. Gutowski, K. Schuell, B. Jobst, D. Hommel, M. F. Pereira, Jr., and K. Henneberger, phys. stat. sol. (b) 194, 199 (1996).