Abstract
The sections in this article are
- 1 CT Principles
- 2 Image Reconstruction
- 3 Image Quality
- 4 Discussion and Further Readings
Bibliography
- 1 J. Radon Über die bestimmung von funktionen durch ihre integralwerte längs gewisser mannigfaltigkeiten. Ber. Sach. Akad. Wisse., 69: 262–267, 1917.
- 2 G. N. Hounsfield A method of an apparatus for examination of a body by radiation such as X-ray or gamma radiation. U.S. Patent Specification 1,283,915, 1972.
- 3 A. M. Cormack Representation of a function by its line integrals, with some radiological applications. J. Appl. Phys., 34: 2722, 1963.
- 4 A. M. Cormack Representation of a function by its line integrals, with some radiological applications, 2. J. Appl. Phys., 35: 2908, 1964.
- 5 F. Natterer The Mathematics of Computerized Tomography. New York: Wiley, 1986.
- 6 I. MoriComputerized tomographic apparatus utilizing a radiation source. U.S. Patent No. 4,630,202, 1986.
- 7 W. A. Kalender W. Seissler E. Klotz P. Vock Spiral volumetric CT with single-breathhold technique, continuous transport, and continuous scanner rotation, Radiology, 176: 181–183, 1990.
- 8 C. R. Crawford K. F. King Computed tomography scanning with simultaneous patient translation, Med. Phys., 17: 967–982, 1990.
- 9 Y. Liang R. A. Kruger Dual-slice spiral versus single-slice spiral scanning: Comparison of the physical performance of two computed tomography scanners, Med. Phys., 23: 205–220, 1996.
- 10 E. L. Ritman R. A. Robb L. D. Harris Imaging Physiological Functions: Experience with the Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor. New York: Praeger, 1985.
- 11 D. P. Boyd M. J. Lipton Cardiac computed tomography, Proc. IEEE, 71: 298–307, 1983.
- 12 G. Wang T. H. Lin P. C. Cheng A derivative-free noncircular fan-beam reconstruction formula, IEEE Trans. Image Process., 2: 543–547, 1993.
- 13 A. C. Kak M. Slaney Principles of Computerized Tomographic Imaging. New York: IEEE Press, 1987.
- 14 A. Polacin W. A. Kalender G. Marchal Evaluation of section sensitivity profiles and image noise in spiral CT, Radiology, 185: 29–35, 1992.
- 15 A. A. Kirillov On a problem of I. M. Gel’fand. Sov. Math. (Engl. Transl.), 2: 268–269, 1961.
- 16 H. K. Tuy An inversion formula for cone-beam reconstruction, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 43: 546–552, 1983.
- 17 B. D. Smith Image reconstruction from cone-beam projections: Necessary and sufficient conditions and reconstruction methods, IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, MI-4: 14–28, 1985.
- 18 P. Grangeat Mathematical framework of cone beam 3d reconstruction via the first derivative of the Radon transform. In G. T. Herman, A. K. Louis, and F. Natterer (eds.), Mathematical Methods in Tomography. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1990.
- 19 B. D. Smith J. X. Chen Implementation, investigation, and improvement of a novel cone-beam reconstruction method, IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, MI-11: 260–266, 1992.
- 20 Y. Weng G. L. Zeng G. T. Gullberg A reconstruction algorithm for helical cone-beam SPECT. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 40: 1092–1101, 1993.
- 21 G. L. Zheng G. T. Gullberg A cone-beam tomography algorithm for orthogonal circle-and-line orbit, Phys. Med. Biol., 37: 563–577, 1992.
- 22 M. Defrise R. Clack A cone-beam reconstruction algorithm using shift-variant filtering and cone-beam backprojection, IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, 13: 186–195, 1994.
- 23 H. Kudo T. Saito Derivation and implementation of a cone-beam reconstruction algorithm for nonplanar orbits, IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, 13: 196–211, 1994.
- 24 C. Axelsson P. E. Danielsson Three-dimensional reconstruction from cone-beam data in O(n3 log n) time, Phys. Med. Biol., 39: 477–491, 1994.
- 25 H. Hu An improved cone-beam reconstruction algorithm for the circular orbit, J. Scanning Microsc., 18: 572–581, 1996.
- 26 G. L. Zeng R. Clack G. T. Gullberg Implementation of Tuy’s cone-beam inversion formula, Phys. Med. Biol., 39: 493–507, 1994.
- 27 R. B. Marr C. Chen P. C. Lauterbur On two approaches to 3D reconstruction in NMR zeugmatography. In G. T. Herman and F. Natterer (eds.), Mathematical Aspects of Computerized Tomography, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
- 28 P. R. Edholm G. T. Herman Linograms in image reconstruction from projections, IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, 6: 301–307, 1987.
- 29 G. Wang T. H. Lin P. C. Cheng D. M. Shinozaki A general cone-beam reconstruction algorithm, IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, 12: 486–496, 1993.
- 30 L. A. Feldkamp L. C. Davis J. W. Kress Practical cone-beam algorithm, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1(A): 612–619, 1984.
- 31 K. Lange R. Carson EM reconstruction algorithms for emission and transmission tomography, J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 8: 306–316, 1984.
- 32 D. L. Snyder T. J. Schulz J. A. O’Sullivan Deblurring subject to nonnegativity constraints, IEEE Trans. Signal Process., 40: 1143–1150, 1992.
- 33 I. Csiszàr Why least squares and maximum entropy? An axiomatic approach to inference for linear inverse problems, Ann. Stat. 19: 2032–2066, 1991.
- 34 L. K. Jones C. L. Byrne General entropy criteria for inverse problems, with applications to data compression, pattern classification and cluster analysis, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 36: 23–30, 1990.
- 35 G. Wang et al. Spiral CT image deblurring for cochlear implantation, IEEE Trans. Med. Imag., 1998 (in press).
- 36 L. N. Rothenberg K. S. Pentlow Radioation dose in CT, RadioGraphics, 12: 1225–1243, 1992. AAPM Tutorial.
- 37 P. L. McGhee S. Humphreys Radiation dose associated with spiral computed tomography, Can. Assoc. Radiol. J. 45: 124–129, 1994.
- 38 G. Wang M. W. Vannier Longitudinal resolution in volumetric x-ray CT—Analytical comparison between conventional and helical CT, Med. Phys., 21: 429–433, 1994.
- 39 W. A. Kalender A. Polacin C. Süss A comparison of conventional and spiral CT: An experimental study on detection of spherical lesions, J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 18: 167–176, 1994.
- 40 G. Wang M. W. Vannier Helical CT image noise—Analytical results, Med. Phys., 20: 1635–1640, 1993.
- 41 G. Wang M. W. Vannier Low-contrast resolution in volumetric x-ray CT—Analytical comparison between conventional and spiral CT, Med. Phys., 1997, in press.
- 42 J. Hsieh Analysis of the temporal response of computed tomography fluoroscopy, Med. Phys., 1997, in press.
- 43 J. Hsieh Image artifacts, causes, and correction, In L. W. Goldman and J. B. Fowlkes (eds.), Medical CT and Ultrasound: Current Technology and Applications. Madison, WI: Advanced Medical Publishing, 1995.
- 44 P. M. Joseph C. Ruth A method for simultaneous correction of spectrum hardening artifacts in ct images containing both bone and iodine. Med. Phys., 24: 1629–1634, 1997.
- 45 P. M. Joseph R. D. Spital A method for correcting bone induced artifacts in computed tomography scanners. Med. Phys., 2: 100–108, 1978.
- 46 P. M. Joseph R. D. Spital The effects of scatter in x-ray computed tomography. Med. Phys., 9: 464–472, 1982.
- 47 G. Wang M. W. Skinner M. W. Vannier Temporal bone volumetric image deblurring in spiral CT, Acad. Radiol., 2: 888–895, 1995.
- 48 C. R. Crawford K. F. King C. J. Ritchie J. D. Godwin Respiratory compensation in projection imaging using a magnification and displacement model, IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, 15: 327–332, 1996.
- 49 G. Wang D. L. Snyder J. A. O’Sullivan M. W. Vannier Iterative deblurring for CT metal artifact reduction, IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, 15: 657–664, 1996.
- 50 G. Wang M. W. Vannier Stair-step artifacts in three-dimensional helical CT—An experimental study, Radiology, 191: 79–83, 1994.
- 51 G. Wang M. W. Vannier Optimal pitch in spiral computed tomography, Med. Phys., 24: 1635–1639, 1997.
- 52 T. Olson J. DeStefano Wavelet localization of the Radon transform, IEEE Trans. Signal Process., 42: 2055–2067, 1994.
- 53 S. Y. Zhao G. Welland G. Wang Wavelet sampling and localization schemes for the Radon transform in two dimensions, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 1997, in press.
- 54 Y. Censor G. T. Herman On some optimization techniques in image reconstruction from projections, Appl. Numer. Math., 3: 365–391, 1987.
- 55 G. L. Herman L. B. Meyer Algebraic reconstruction techniques can be made computationally efficient, IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, 12: 600–609, 1993.
- 56 J. A. Browne J. M. Boone T. J. Holmes Maximum-likelihood X-ray computed tomography. Appl. Opt., 34: 5199–5209, 1995.
- 57 S. H. Manglos G. M. Gagne A. Krol F. D. Thomas R. Narayanaswamy Transmission maximum-likelihood reconstruction with ordered subsets for cone beam CT, Phys. Med. Biol., 40: 1225–1241, 1995.
- 58 J. C. Russ The Image Processing Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1995.
- 59 J. A. Parker Image Reconstruction in Radiology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1990.
- 60 G. T. Herman Image Reconstruction from Projections—The Fundamentals of Computerized Tomography. New York: Academic Press, 1980.
- 61
G. T. Herman
Image Reconstruction from Projections—Implementation and Applications.
New York:
Springer-Verlag,
1979.
10.1007/3-540-09417-2 Google Scholar
- 62 S. Webb From the Watching of Shadows. New York: Adam Hilger, 1990.
Citing Literature
Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Browse other articles of this reference work:
