Magnetic Noise - Barkhausen Effect
Martha Pardavi-Horvath,
Martha Pardavi-Horvath
The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
Search for more papers by this authorMartha Pardavi-Horvath,
Martha Pardavi-Horvath
The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
Search for more papers by this authorFirst published: 15 December 2014
Abstract
The change of the magnetic state of a ferromagnetic body under the effect of a slowly changing externally applied magnetic field is a complex process, involving reversible and irreversible changes of the magnetization. Due to irreversible magnetization processes, the change of the magnetic state is accompanied by losses, manifested by the presence of magnetic hysteresis. The physical origin of the losses is that a real material has a microstructure, material defects, and internal stresses responsible for the details of the hysteresis loop. The magnetization changes discontinuously in space and in time by jumps from defect to defect, giving rise to magnetic noise. This process and the corresponding noise are named after its discoverer, H. Barkhausen (1919) as Barkhausen jumps and Barkhausen noise. Superconducting materials display similar phenomena. The Barkhausen noise spectrum is an important non-destructive characterization tool in metallurgy and manufacturing. In the following the physical mechanism, measurement and instrumentation, and applications of the Barkhausen noise are reviewed.
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Reading list
A rich source of up-to-date information on Barkhausen noise, magnetic domain wall pinning, and hysteresis losses are the issues of the J. Appl. Phys., and IEEE Trans. Magnetics, publishing the materials of the major annual conferences on magnetism (INTERMAG and MMM). The series of ICBM (International Conference on Barkhausen Noise and Micromagnetic Testing) conferences is established as the major forum for users and researchers of Barkhausen effect. http://www.icbmconference.org/
The IEEE Trans. on Applied Superconductivity is suggested as a source of current information on flux pinning in superconductors. Additional information is available in: Tinkham, M. Introduction to superconductivity. Courier Dover Publications, 2012., and Newhouse, V., ed. Applied superconductivity. Vol. 1. Elsevier, 2012.
Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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