Metformin and Other Biguanides: Pharmacology and Therapeutic Usage

Alan J. Garber,

Alan J. Garber

Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

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Alan J. Garber,

Alan J. Garber

Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

Search for more papers by this author

First published: 15 March 2004

https://doi.org/10.1002/0470862092.d0610

Citations: 2

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Abstract

The role of biguanides in the treatment of type 2 diabetes has evolved along with the understanding of the disease pathogenesis and its associated complications. Metformin is a valuable agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and its ability to improve insulin sensitivity allows for broader use (i.e. insulin-resistant prediabetic states). The efficacy of metformin in improving glycemic control is similar to that of sulfonylureas or insulin. Additionally, metformin has been shown to reduce macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes in overweight patients; and it improves serum lipoprotein parameters, reduces body weight, and stimulates fibrinolysis. Metformin can be administered with insulin and other oral antihyperglycemic agents. Reformulation of the drug in an extended-release form and in combination tablets (glyburide/metformin, glipizide/metformin, or rosiglitazone/metformin) allows for simplified dosage regimens, which may enhance patient adherence.

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